LEPIDOPTERA. 



579 



the proboscis sheath. The larva? have a distinct head and jnu> 

 (fig. 479). 



Jam. Pulicidae. Pnli'.i- irrlttms L.. flea of man. The dorsal surface of 

 the male is concave and serves f< n- the reception of the larger female. The large 

 apodal larva? have a distinctly separated head, and live in sawdust and 

 between boards, where the elongated oval eggs arc deposited, ^nrcujiai/lln 

 1>< intranx L., sand-flea (Chigoe), lives free in South America in the sand 

 (tig. 480). The female however bores into the skin of the human foot am 1 of 

 various Mammalia, and there deposits the eggs. The escaping larvas give rise 

 to ulcers. 



Order 7. Lepidoptera* (Butterflies). 



Insects with suctorial month parfs, which form a spiraUjj rol/n/ 

 proboscis, with four similar wings which are completely covered with 

 scales, with fused protliorax and complete metamorphosis. 



The head is moveably articulated and thickly covered with hairs. 

 It bears semi- 

 circular facetted 

 eyes and some- 

 times two ocelli. 

 The antenna? are 

 always straight 

 and m a 11 y - 

 jointed, but vary 



much ill form, FIG. 480. a, Gravid female of 



being often seti- 



form or filiform, or even club-shaped, and not rarely denticulate or 

 pectinate. The mouth parts are modified for sucking up fluid 

 nourishment, especially the nectar of flowers, but are occasionally 

 very short and hardly capable of being used. The upper lip and 

 mandibles are reduced to rudiments, but the maxilla? are elongated 

 and closely jointed, and their inner sides are grooved, so that when 

 applied together they form a tube the spirally rolled proboscis 

 (fig. 481). The proboscis is furnished with small spines used for 

 tearing the nectaries of flowers ; while the nectar ascends through 

 it into the mouth, being sucked up by pumping movements of the 



* E. J. C. Esper, ' Die europiiischen Schmetterliuge in Abbildungen nach 

 der Xatur. mit Beschreibungen." 7 Bde. Erlangen, 17771805. 



F. Ochsenheimer und F. Treitschke, '' Die Schnietterlinge von Europa." 10 

 Bde. Leipzig, 1807-1835. 



W. Herrich-Schaffer, " Systematische Beschreibung der Schmetterlinge von 

 Europa." 5 Bde. Regensburg, 1843-1855. 



\V. Herrich-Schaffer, " Lepidoptererum exoticorum species novae aut minus 

 cognitae. Regensburg. 1850-18f'>5. 



u 



n /miff rang. I, Foot of a 

 field mouse with Rhynchoprioii attached (after H. Karsteu). 



