LEPIDOPTERA. 583 



they cling with the posterior feet. Many species are hurtful to fruit 

 trees. 



Fam. Phytometridae. Lawntia populate L., f'lit'im<tt<>l>i l-uni<it<i I... t'mst 

 butterflies. The females, which have rudimentary wings, lay their eggs on the 

 trunks of fruit trees in late autumn. 



Fam. Dendrometridae. Aeidalia oolireata Scop., Geomstra papilitinaria "Lt. t 

 Alini-i-aa (Zi'i-cnr') i/rnxaului-intii L.. harlequin, Magpie Moth. 



Tribe 3. Noctuina (Eulen). Nocturnal Lepidoptera with broad 

 body which is narrower behind, and dull coloured wings. The 

 antenme are long and setiform, in the male sometimes pectinate. 

 The wings when at rest are tectiform. The legs are long and have 

 strong spurs on the tibia?. The caterpillars, which are sometimes 

 naked, sometimes covered with hairs, have usually sixteen, more 

 rarely, in consequence of the reduction or absence of the anterior 

 legs, fourteen or twelve legs. The greater number pass the pupal 

 stage in the earth. 



Fam. Ophiusidae (Ordensbtinder). Catocala paranymplia L. (gelbes Ordens- 

 band). C. fra.i-ini L. (blaues Ordensband). C. mqtta L., C .tj>onxii- L.. C, 

 promixstt Esp. (rot he Ordensbiiuder). 



Fain. Plusiadae (Goldeulen). Pluxia yam-ma L., PI. cltrysitis L. 



Fam. Agrotidae. Ai/rntix xi-yrtum tr. A. tritici L.. TripJKena pro mi bet, L. 



Fam. Orthosiadae. Ortlmsiti jota L. 



Fam. Cuculliadae. Cur nil la -n-rlxixci L., ('. tdtxi/idhil L. 



Fam. Acronyctidae. Acronycta pslTLi., A. iitmicis L.. Diloba cceruleocepJiala 

 L. The caterpillar is harmful to fruit trees. 



Tribe 4. Bombycina (Spinner). Nocturnal Lejudopt'Tu, of clumsy 

 build, with body thickly covered with hairs so as often to have 

 a woolly appearance. The antenna? are setiform, and in the male 

 pectinate. The wings are tolerably broad and tectiform when at rest. 

 The larger and clumsier females fly but little ; but the males, which 

 are often brightly coloured, move with greater rapidity. In some 

 cases the wings are reduced (Orgyia) or are absent (Psyche) in the 

 female sex. The eggs, which are often laid in groups and are covered 

 with a woolly mass, give origin to caterpillars with sixteen legs and 

 a thick covering of hairs ; the caterpillars spin complete cocoons in 

 which they become pupa? above ground. The caterpillars of some 

 species live together in common cocoons; some (Psychidce) prepare a 

 sac in which they conceal their bodies. Parthenogenesis occurs. 



Fam. Euprepiadse (Barenspinner). The caterpillars with very long hairs, are 

 known as bear caterpillars. Euprepia i-aja L., JS plantaffinls, etc. 



Fam. Liparidae. Lijxtrix monuclni 1... the caterpillar is very harmful to leafy 

 trees and Conifene. L. di^jxtr L., Onji/ia aittii/ua L. The female is apterous. 

 0. (Dasyehira') pudibunda L. 



