DIPTERA. 



577 



the knife-shaped mandibles arc wanting. Their puncture is severe, ami they 

 suck blood. C/i'>'t/x(>j)x i-it'i-iiticns L., Tal/ainis Imcin-us L. (Kinderbrcmse). 

 Heematopota /ilui'talis L. (Hegenbremse). 



Fam. Leptidae (Schnepfenfliegen). Lt-jrtix xeolopacca L.. L. // r//i!/i'/i L., 

 South Europe. The larva digs holes in the sand, and there, like the Ant-lion, 

 captures insects. 



Fam. Xylophagidae (Holzfliegen). Xylophai/us ineii'idtfti/n Fabr. The larva- 

 live in beech wood. Berts rla ri/n-x L. 



Fam. Stratiomyidae (Waffenfliegen). Strutiminjx i-humcd-eon L.. St. Oil on- 

 torn yla hyiJrtili'oii' L.. >Vm/.s- r librarian L. 



They have long 



I 



Sub-order 3. Nemocera (Tipulariae). Longhorns (rig. 478). 

 Diptera of elongated form, with many-jointed, usually filiform, 

 antennae, which in the males are sometimes tufted, 

 slender legs, and large, 

 naked or hairy wings. 

 The palps are usually 

 of considerable length, 

 and with four or five 

 joints. The proboscis 

 is short and fleshy, 

 and often armed with 

 piercing setae. The 

 halteres are free. The 

 larvae have usually a 

 perfectly differentiated 

 head (Eucephala),more 

 rarely a retractile jaw 

 capsule ( Tipulidce,Ceci- 

 domyia} ; they live in 

 water, in earth, and 

 in vegetable matter 

 (galls and fungi), and some of them have a respiratory tube. 

 After moulting the larval skin the eucephalous larvae become quies- 

 cent or freely moveable pupae ; the latter are provided with tracheal 

 gills on the neck and tail. The insect when hatched swims, till the 

 wings are hard, on the burst pupal skin as on a boat. The females 

 of many species suck blood (gnats), and become a veritable pest in 

 certain districts where they appear in swarms. 



Fam. Bibionidae (Musciformrx'). Body fly-like ; antenna' six- to eleven- 

 jointed. The abdomen has seven segments. Jiibio nuin-i L.. B. hortnlmnix L. 

 The males are black, the females brick red with a black head. Shnuliu rcptatix 

 L., S. eolunibacscliensis Fabr. (Kolumbaczer Miicke). Suck blood. In Hun- 

 gary they attack the herds of cattle in swarms. 



37 



FIG. 478. CeculoiKi/hi trifici (after Wagner). ", Female 

 with protruded ovipositor. 6, Larva, c, Pupa. 



