578 



INSECTA. 



Fam. Fungicolae (Pilzmiicken). The larvae, which are without rudimentary 

 feet on the second segment, live in fungi. Sciara Tnia> L. The larvre before 

 entering the pupal stage come together in great numbers, and wander about in 

 long sinuous chains. Mycet/>j>Jnla fvsca Meig., (Pilzmiicke), ticwplula mncv- 

 littn Fulir. (Schattenmiicke). 



Fam. Noctuiformes (owl-like gnats). Pxi/rltotht jrftalwn-tiidrs L.. PtycJwptera 

 contaminata L. (Faltenmiicke). 



Fam. Culiciformes. The larvte live in water, in rotten wood, or in earth. 

 Chironoiivus plvanosus L., Coretlira plwmicornis, Fabr. The larvae have four 

 tracheal vesicles and a circle of setre on the anal segment ; live in water. 



Fam. Culicidse (gnats). The larva? live in water and have respiratory tube 

 and appendages at the posterior end of the body. Culex pipiens L. (Singmiicke). 

 The palp of the male is tufted and longer than the proboscis. The females 

 sting. 



Fam. Gallicolae (gall-flies). The larvae live in galls. Cecidonnjln tlestructor- 



FIG. 479. a, Pulex avium <J (after Taschenberg) . A Antenna ; Mt. Maxillary palp. I, Larvn 



of Puh'X irritims. 



Say, Hessian fly. Notorious in the United States as a destroyer of crops since 

 the year 1778. Imported (.') into the country in straw by the Hessian troops. 

 ('. tritic'i Kirb., in wheat. C. xrciilina Loew. ('. xulicix Schrk. etc. The vivi- 

 parous larvae belong to the genus Miaxtor. 



Fam. Limnobiidae (Schnakeu). The larv;t> are found in earth or rotten 

 wood. T'ipula oleracea L. r (Kohlschnakt-n). Ctcnupliord ntrata TJ. (Kamm- 

 miicke). 



Sub-order 4. Aphaniptera (Fleas). Uiptem, with laterally com- 

 pressed liody and distinctly separated thoracic rings. Winys are 

 absent, but there are two lateral plate-like appendages on the meso- 

 and meta-thorax. The antenna? are very short and arise in a 

 depression behind the simple ocelli. The mandibles have the form 

 of toothed saw-like stylets, the maxillfe are broad plates with four- 

 jointed palps. The under lip (labium) is three-jointed and forms. 



