FUNCTIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE. 



103 



the passive agent in copulation, merely receiving the semen of the 

 male ; the female possesses material from which the offspring 



p I 



Pis. 97a.- Male of Aphis platanoides. oc, ocelli ; Hr, honey tubes ; P, copulatory organ. 



develop, and accordingly takes care of the development of the 



fertilised egg and of the later fate of the offspring. Hence 



the female usually possesses a 



less active body and numerous 



arrangements for the protection 



and nourishment of her offspring, 



which develop either from eggs 



laid by the mother and sometimes 



carried about with her, or in the 



maternal body and are born alive. 



The function of the male is to 



seek, to excite, and to hold the 



female during copulation ; hence, 



as a rule, he possesses greater 



vigour and power of movement, 



higher development of the senses, 



various means of exciting sexual 



Hr 



FIG. 976, Apterous oviparous female of the 

 same. 



feeling, such as brighter colour- 

 ing, louder and richer voice, pre- 

 hensile organs, and external organs for copulation (fig. 97, a, b). 

 In exceptional cases, the functions relating to the maintenance of 



