212 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



SUBCLASS ENTOPROCTA NITSCHE, 1869. 



This group of Bryozoa, although widely distributed in all seas, contains but few species. One 

 genus, Urnatella Leidy, is known from fresh water. The genera, which are few, are included in the 

 following order: 



Order PEDICELLINE^E Hincks, 1880. 



KEY TO FAMILIES. 



1. Not colonial, not stolonate; buds separating from parent on reaching maturity, individuals attached 



by a slightly enlarged base or foot; the lophophore obliquely situated . . . Loxosomidse. 



2. Buds arising from a creeping stolon and remaining attached to form colonies; lophophore placed 



transversely Pedicellinidae. 



Family LOXOSOMID^ Hincks, 1880. 



Individuals solitary. A contractile peduncle supports the body, from which it is not distinctly 

 marked off. Buds originating on the side of the body, separating from the body on reaching maturity, 

 and securing attachment by means of a pedal gland. The manner of budding and the oblique position 

 of the lophophore indicate this as the most primitive family of Bryozoa. 



Genus LOXOSOMA Keferstein, 1863. 



KEY TO SPECIES. 



Lophophore with 18 to 30 tentacles, pedal expansion small, length about 2 mm davenporti. 



Lophophore with about 8 tentacles, foot broad, length less than % mm minuta. 



Loxosoma davenporti Nickerson. [PI. xvm, fig. i.] 

 Nickerson 1898, p. 220; 1899, p. 368; 1901, p. 351-380. 



Entire animal about 2 millimeters long, somewhat vase-shaped. Pedicel cylindrical, about as 

 long as the remainder of the body, into which it merges gradually. Nickerson describes the foot as 

 being destitute of a lateral expansion and foot gland, but in specimens in my possession there is a small 

 glandular expansion. Lophophore with 18 to 30 tentacles, the body somewhat narrowed just below the 

 lophophore. One or more (usually a pair) of flask-shaped glandular organs attached to the ventral 

 side of the body near the lower end of the stomach. 



Found in worm tubes at Cotuit Harbor (Nickerson). 



Loxosoma minuta, new species. [PI. xvm, fig. 2, 2a.] 



Yerrill 18790, p. 31 (Loxosoma on Phascolosoma). 



Body rather regularly oval, about one and one-half times as long as wide, often somewhat cordate 

 below where it joins the stalk. Tentacles apparently stout and about eight in number, but as only con- 

 tracted specimens have been studied the details of the lophophore can not be stated definitely. The 

 stalk is one-half to two-thirds as long as the body, transversely wrinkled in the contracted state, the 

 upper end but little expanded below the calyx, the lower end spreading out into an evenly rounded 

 foot which is nearly or quite twice the diameter of the stalk. Buds have not been observed. A very 

 small species, averaging not more than a third of a millimeter, while the largest specimens seen measure 

 under one-half millimeter. 



Found on Phascoleon strombi (= Phascolosoma ccementarium) in the Woods Hole region, and on 

 Phascolosoma eremita at the Isles of Shoals, often in considerable numbers among the tubercles of the 

 skin. As Phascoleon strombi lives permanently in small gastropod shells, nearly closing the aperture 

 with mud and sand cemented together, the habitat of the Loxosoma is rather unusual. As our sipun- 

 culoids were placed in the hands of Dr. J. H. Gerould for identification, I am indebted to him for the 

 material from which the above description is drawn, and I have not seen living specimens. Prof. 

 Verrill informs me that this is the species listed by him as " Loxosoma on Phascolosoma. " 



