224 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



Genus BICELLARIA Blainville, 1830. 

 Bicellaria ciliata (Linne). [PI. xxi, fig. 21, 2ia, 2ib.] 



Linne 1758, p. 815 (Sertularia ciliata). 

 Ycrrill 18790, p. 29. 

 Whiteaves 1901, p. 93. 



Zoarium dichotomous, branches curved inward at tip, forming feathery tufts of a white color. 

 Zooecia alternate, biserial, turbinate, enlarged above and narrowing rather abruptly toward the bottom, 

 where it is cylindrical, while at the top it is somewhat flared outward around the elliptical, oblique 

 aperture. Four to seven very long spines on the upper margin and one centrally located on the lower 

 margin. Avicularium on outer side of cell below the aperture, small, with a serrate beak. Ooecia 

 helmet-shaped, pedunculate, situated at inner side of aperture, the narrow stalk arising from the side 

 of the cell. 



This beautiful species is well distributed in the region, but is never very plentiful. Dredged in 

 Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay attached to shells, stones, hydroids, etc., and growing less commonly 

 on piles at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and Nantucket. Ovicells plentiful and containing embryos 

 in July and August. 



Genus BUGULA Oken, 1815. 



KEY TO SPECIES. 



1. Zooecia arranged biserially 2. 



Zooecia arranged in more than two series 5. 



2. Stalk of colony with ordinary root fibers 3. 



Stalk of colony with hooked or grapnel-like "uncinate" processes in place of root fibers, 



gracilis, var. uncinata. 



3. Avicularia rather short, the beak strongly decurved at tip 4. 



Avicularia elongate and slender the beak gently and evenly curved to its tip avicularis. 



4. Usually one strong spine at the outer angle of the orifice, ovicell set at an angle with the axis of the 



zooecium, margin of the beak of the avicularium not serrate turrita. 



Usually four spines above, ovicell in line with zooecial axis, beak of avicularium with serrated 

 margin cucu Hi f era. 



5. With marginal spines bending over the aperture, ooecium large, subglobular, avicularia of two sorts, 



the lateral ones very large m urrayana. 



No marginal spines except at the top, ooecium small, hemispherical, avicularia of one sort, small, 



flabellata. 

 Bugula gracilis var. uncinata Hincks. [PI. xxi, fig. 22, 22a.] 



Hincks 1880, p. 86-89. 



Zoarium one to two inches in height, of a light yellow color, forming a bushy tuft with flabellate 

 branches somewhat spirally disposed. Zooecia biserial, alternate, slightly narrowed below. Aperture 

 rather narrow, about two-thirds as long as the cell, narrowed below and turned inward toward the axis 

 of the branch. A spine on each angle of the margin and a third, somewhat larger, behind the outer 

 marginal spine. Avicularium small, placed on the outer margin about halfway up the aperture. The 

 curious uncinate (tendril-like or anchor-like) processes developed freely on the basal part of the zoarium, 

 where they replace the radical tubes of other species. Hincks makes no mention of the ovicells and I 

 have not found them in any of my specimens. 



Not common but well distributed over the region. Dredged a number of times in Vineyard Sound 

 and Buzzards Bay and found in drift at No Mans Land, also found growing on the Nantucket Cable. 

 Hincks (1. c.) mentions a specimen from Lynn, Mass., which is the only previous record for the species 

 in America. 



