BRYOZOA OF WOODS HOLE REGION. 221 



Genus EUCRATEA Lamouroux, 1812. 

 Eucratea chelata (Linne). [PI. xxi, fig. 15.] 



Linne 1858, p. 816 (Scrtularia chelata). 

 Verrill and Smith 1874, p. 710. 

 Verrill 18790, p. 28. 



Zoarium branched and straggling, more or less decumbent. Zooecia narrowed below, gradually 

 enlarged upward to the base of the aperture, which slants away to the top of the cell; aperture oval, 

 with a thin, raised, smooth margin; frequently a rudimentary zooecium borne on the front side of the 

 normal cell just below the aperture, and when the ooecium is present it is borne terminally on such 

 a dwarfed cell. 



Spreading over algas, hydroids and other Bryozoa. Not common in the Woods Hole region. Verrill 

 (1. c.) records it off Gay Head in 10 fathoms. In hundreds of dredgings I have never noticed it, but it 

 occurs on the piles at Vineyard Haven and at Woods Hole. 



Genus GEMELLARIA Savigny, 1811. 

 Gemellaria loricata (Linne). [PI. xxi, fig. 16, pi. xxxi, fig. 97.] 



Linn 1761, p. 542 Scrtularia loricata). 



Lamouroux 1816, p. 7 (Loricaria americana). 



Dawson 1865, p. 3 (Gemellaria willisii). 



Verrill and Smith 1874, p. 747. 



Verrill 18790, p. 29 (G. loricata and var. americana). 



Stimpson 1853, 19 (Gemellaria dumosa). 



Whiteaves 1901, p. 91-92 (as G. loricata and var. americana). 



Cornish 1907, p. 75. 



Zoarium erect, phytoid, forming bushy colonies often several inches in height. Zooecia joined 

 back to back in a double series of great regularity. Orifice large, slightly oblique, occupying about half 

 of the front of the cell but varying considerably in this respect, a thin raised smooth margin about the 

 orifice. No ovicells nor appendages. 



Common in the outer waters of the region. There is considerable difference in appearance between 

 the rather rigid shorter colonies (i to 3 inches in height) from the shallower waters of Crab Ledge and 

 Nantucket, and the more slender, elongate colonies (6 to 10 inches) from deeper water off No Mans Land. 

 The cells of the latter are more slender and elongate, but otherwise there is no material difference. I 

 take the shorter form to be Lamouroux 's americana and Stimpson 's dumosa, but do not consider it worthy 

 of even a varietal name. 



Genus SCRUPARIA Hincks, 1857. 



Scruparia clavata Hincks. [PI. xxi, fig. 17, 173, i7b, i7c.] 



Hincks 1857, p. 175. 

 Whiteaves 1901, p. 92. 

 Cornish 1907, p. 75. 



Zoarium sparingly branched, decumbent, and straggling. Zooecia uniserial, or biserial and placed 

 back to back, elongate, clavate, rounded above and attenuated below, each cell attached to the dorsal 

 surface of the one below it by a cordate expansion of the base. Aperture suborbicular, slightly pro- 

 duced and contracted below, without raised margin. Ooecia terminal on small cells back to back with 

 the ordinary ones, globose with a few large punctures. 



Apparently a rare species. Dredged at Crab Ledge, 18 fathoms, on Gemellaria loricata, and at Great 

 Round Shoal, 8 fathoms, on Bugula murrayana. Only very small colonies have been noted and it may 

 be that the species does not reach a very great development in this region. The presence of ovicells 

 indicates sexual maturity, even though the colonies consist of only a few cells. 



