28 BULLETIN 82, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



case in Antcdon bifida], the other to contain those like Pentacrinus europxus in which 

 the digestive system was supposed to hare but a single opening. 



In 1831 Ferussac recorded that M. Lemare-Piquot brought back many coma- 

 tulids collected on his voyage to the East Indies and South Africa. 



Georg August Goldfuss hi 1832 published a description and a figure of a speci- 

 men which he had found at Bonn, which he referred to " Comatula multiradiata"; 

 the species represented is the Alecto bennetti subsequently described by Miiller. At 

 the same time Goldfuss gave a good comparative account of the common Mediter- 

 ranean Antedon for comparison with the fossil species with which he was mainly 

 concerned. 



Kiippcl, in the course of his travels, found in the Ked Sea an interesting multi- 

 radiate comatulid upon which he bestowed the manuscript name of "Comatula 

 leucomelas," but he does not appear to have mentioned it anywhere in his works. 

 In 1833 Leuckart came across his specimens in the Senckenberg Museum at Frank- 

 fort and published the name together with the locality, though without any diag- 

 nosis. Recently Hartlaub has reexamined the specimens, and has found them 

 to be examples of the Alecto palmata later described by Muller. 



Leuckart was the fust to describe the curious parasitic worms belonging to 

 the genus Myzostoma with which crinoids are usually infested, his attention having 

 been first called to them by mistaking one for a madreporic plate. In discussing 

 the genus Myzostoma he mentions a multiradiate comatulid from the Red Sea 

 which, following Audouin, he identifies as "Comatula multiradiata," but which 

 von Graff, acting on the advice of P. H. Carpenter, has suggested was probably 

 an example of Heterometra savignii, the species to which Audouin's Comatula 

 multiradiata has always been referred. 



In 1834 Dr. J. E. Gray found upon the coast of Kent a peculiar organism 

 which he was unable to place, and he therefore described it as new under the name 

 of Ganymeda pulchella. Later it was discovered that his supposedly anomalous 

 creature was merely the detached centrodorsal of the common Antedon ~bifida. 



In 1835 the first mention of a recent crinoid occurs in Australian zoological 

 literature; in that }-ear the Rev. C. Pleydell N. Wilton described, under the name of 

 Encrinus australis, what he supposed to be a new species, but which has since 

 proved not to be a crinoid at all. Ten years later his paper was in part translated 

 into French and reprinted, the author's name being incorrectly given as "Rev. 

 C. Pleydell." 



In the year 1836 de Blainville published a valuable summary of the knowledge 

 which had been acquired in regard to the comatulids; his account of them is prac- 

 tically the same as that contained in the later editions of the work of Lamarck, 

 de Blainville had previously published two less extended treatises on the group 

 in the well known "Dictionaire d'histoire naturelle," one in volume 10 (1818), 

 the other in volume 60 (1830). 



Prof. Louis Agassiz hi 1836 founded his genus Comaster, based upon the Comat- 

 ula multiradiata of Lamarck, which unfortunately is not the same as the Asterias 

 multiradiata of Linne and of Retzius. Agassiz employed as the differential char- 

 acter for his new genus the excess of the number of arms over the 10 found in 



