124 BULLETIN 82, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 1 



which could not be ascribed to differences in technique or observation, and he therefore 

 considered that he was dealing with a distinct varietal form, though he included both 

 under the same specific name. 



In 1890 Hartlaub described Antedon hupferi from the Ivory Coast. 



Seeliger (1892), working at Trieste, found that his material differed both from that 

 of Bury and Barrois, and from that of Thomson, and he was inclined to consider each 

 form as a distinct variety of the species (rosacea). 



In 1893 Bell and in 1903 Nichols doubted the specific distinctness of milleri. 



In 1908 the present author recognized three European species in the genus Antedon, 

 A. mediterranea, A. bifida, and A. petasus, and in 1910 he described A. adriatica. In 

 1914 he published a synopsis of the genus and a key to the species in which the following 

 forms were admitted as valid : 



adriatica A. H. Clark mediterranea Lamarck 



bifida Pennant moroccana, sp. nov. 



dubenii Bohlsche petasus Diiben and Koren 

 hupferi Hartlaub 



Dr. Th. Mortensen, in 1920 discussed the interrelationships of the species of 

 Antedon. At first he was inclined to consider petasus as generically distinct from adri- 

 atica, mediterranea, and bifida, on account of its freely discharged eggs, the hatching 

 of the embryo before the appearance of the ciliated bands, and because of very remark- 

 able differences in the enterocoele vessels and in the endoderm of the embryos. But 

 the adults of petasus, he finds, lend no support to such a disposition, and he suggests 

 that it would really seem more natural to distinguish as separate genera or subgenera 

 the group including adriatica and mediterranea, and that comprising the remaining 

 species. 



Prof. Eene Koehler in 1921 admitted the distinctness of bifida and mediterranea, 

 and also recognized moroccana, although he says that it is extremely close to bifida, 

 and scarcely merits specific differentiation, though it might be made a variety of that 

 species. 



[NOTES BY A.M.C.] In 1937 Kolosvary described a new species of Antedon from the 

 Adriatic which he named petasoides. Most of the characters upon which he distin- 

 guished it were such as are generally considered to be of no taxonomic significance in 

 determining species, as Gislen pointed out in the same year when he made petasoides 

 a synonym of adriatica. However, Kolosvary in 1938 still maintained that petasoides 

 is distinct, even if only as a forma of adriatica. 



In 1955, after comparison of some specimens from Algeria with others from the 

 English Channel and Scotland, Prof. E. Tortonese came to the conclusion that moroccana 

 is indistinguishable from bifida. 



However, Gislen in the same year, after studying the At/antide and other collec- 

 tions from West Africa, concluded that only a single species occurs off northwest and 

 West Africa and that this is not distinct from the west Atlantic duebeni. Consequently 

 he reduced both moroccana and hupferi to the synonymy of the little-known duebeni. 



Gislen's paper was only received by me after this typescript was completed. 

 From the material available, I had concluded that two distinct forms exist in north- 

 west and West Africa: a more northern one with the cirri distally expanded, ranging 

 from just south of Cape Verde to the Azores and into the western Mediterranean, 

 namely moroccana, which is not more than subspecifically distinct from bifida, and a 



