286 BULLETIN 82, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME l 



of East Indian genera; number of genera also found in the Atlantic; genera represented by closely 

 allied forms in the Atlantic; number of genera confined exclusively to the East Indies; number of 

 East Indian species), p. 9 (absent from Australia), p. 14 (certain of the genera are characteristic 

 of the Intermediate fauna), p. 26 (range in detail; 107-1,200 fathoms), p. 61 (in key); Bull. Inst. 

 Oce'anogr. Monaco, No. 294, 1914, pp. 7, 8 (temperature relations); Journ. Washington Acad. 

 Sci., vol. 4, No. 19, 1914, pp. 559-563 (correlation of geographical and bathymetrical ranges); 

 No. 20, 1914, p. 582 (relation to temperature of habitat); Internat. Rev. gesamt. Hydrobiol. 

 und Hydrogr., vol. 6, 1914, pp. 5 and following (Atlantic and corresponding Indo-Pacific genera) ; 

 Die Crinoiden der Antarktis, 1915, p. 119 (synonymy; diagnosis; geological, geographical, and 

 bathymetrical range), p. 132 (covering plates); Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 40, 1915, p. 68 (detailed 

 discussion of bathymetrical range); Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 65, No. 10, 1915, pp. 29 and 

 following (phylogenetical study); Amer. Nat., vol. 49, 1915, p. 525 (bathymetrical and thermal 

 range; asymmetrical genera and their bathymetrical and thermal ranges), p. 526 (Promachocrinus 

 probably the most specialized genus in the subfamily; this the largest and most universally 

 distributed subfamily of the Antedonidae), p. 539 (genus with asymmetrical disk), p. 542 (genus 

 with more than 5 rays); Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 5, No. 4, 1915, pp. 126-134 (bathy- 

 metric range; phylogenetic and paleontological significance); vol. 7, No. 5, 1917, p. 127 (includes 

 Heliometra, Promachocrinus, Anthometra, Solanometra, Florometra, and Cyclometra) ; vol. 7, No. 

 16, 1917, p. 504 (in key), p. 507 (key to the included genera); Unstalked crinoids of the Siboga- 

 Exped., 1918, p. vii (not in the Siboga collection; occurrence in the Indo-Pacific; not found by 

 the Albatross in the East Indies), p. 196 (in key), p. 239 (key to the included genera) ; Smithsonian 

 Misc. Coll., vol. 72, No. 7, 1921, pp. 2, 13; The Danish 7rego//-Exped., vol. 4, no. 5, Crinoidea, 



1923, p. 49 (in key), p. 52 (key to the Atlantic genera). GISLN, Zool. Bidrag Uppsala, vol. 9, 



1924, pp. 85, 91, 101, 229, footnote 1, 230, 231, 232, 288, 290. MORTENSEN, Handbook of the 

 echinoderms of the British Isles, 1927, pp. 26, 35. A. H. CLARK, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 

 vol. 36, 1929, p. 662; John Murray Exped. 1933-34, Sci. Reports, vol. 4, No. 4, 1937, p. 103. 

 GISLJEN, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. 17, No. 2, 1938, p. 21. JOHN, Discovery 

 Reports, vol. 18, 1938, pp. 123, 124, 130, 133; Rep. B.A.N.Z. Antarctic Res. Exped. 1929-31, 

 ser. B, vol. 4, pt. 6, 1939, p. 196. GISLEN, Rep. Swedish Deep Sea Exped., vol. 2, Zool., No. 4, 

 1951, pp. 55, 56. 



Heliometres A. H. CLARK, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, No. 4, 1911, p. 257. 



Heliometrinen A. H. CLARK, Die Crinoiden der Antarktis, 1915, p. 147 (the species of Bathymetrinae 

 in certain ways resemble the young of the species of this subfamily), p. 168 (shallow water Ant- 

 arctic species), p. 192 (certain genera of this subfamily are especially characteristic of the Inter- 

 mediate fauna) . 



Diagnosis. A subfamily of Antedonidae in which the cirrus sockets are arranged 

 in usually closely crowded and more or less regularly alternating transverse rows on 

 a flattened hemispherical to sharply conical centrodorsal ; the cirri are very numerous, 

 XXXV-CC (usually about LXX), long and stout, with up to 90 (usually 40-55) segments 

 of which the outer are shorter than the proximal and bear a more or less prominent 

 dorsal spine, rarely absent; P! is long and flagellate, composed of very numerous, 

 30-82 (usually 50-60) short segments, none of which are longer than broad and all of 

 which have their angles more or less cut away ; and one or more of the following pinnules 

 usually resembles P 1? being of similar length, slightly longer or slightly shorter, though 

 P 2 rarely, P 3 more frequently, and P 4 usually is shorter than P! and composed of fewer 

 but longer segments. 



Geographical range. Shores of the Antarctic continent, South Georgia, Kerguelen, 

 Gough, Bouvet, Campbell, the Antipodes and Heard Islands and northward along the 

 western coast of South and North America to the Bering Sea, westward along the 

 Aleutian Islands, and southward to eastern and southern Japan; western shores of the 

 Japanese and Okhotsk seas from the Korean Straits northward; Arctic seas and 

 southward to Hudson Bay, Cape Cod, the Faeroes, northern Norway, and Siberia, 



