PART 5 A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 411 



quadrata together with glacialis in the more northern parts of its range; in the vicinity 

 of Franz Josef Land it occurs alone. 



In 1935 and 1936, Heding recorded the species from localities on the east coast of 

 Greenland, where it was taken by the seventh Thule and Scoresby Sound Committee's 

 expeditions. 



In 1936 I published a paper on a large collection of echinoderms from the seas 

 about Baffin Land and Greenland that had been brought together and sent to the Na- 

 tional Museum by Capt. Robert A. Bartlett as a result of Arctic investigations in his 

 schooner the Effie J. Morrissey. 



In a memoir on the crinoids of the Okhotsk and Japanese Seas, published (in 

 Russian and English) in 1937, I gave the geographical range of Heliometra glacialis and 

 noted that it has not been reported from between the New Siberian Islands (long. 

 14248' E.) on the west and Hudson Bay and Jones Sound (long. 89 W.) on the east, 

 though probably occurring in favorable situations at least throughout the Canadian 

 Arctic Archipelago. I gave the bathymetric range as from 18 (?16) to 1358 meters, 

 the average of 278 records being 203 meters; the thermal range was given as from 

 -1.90 to +5.50 C., with the average of 96 records +0.48 C. This information was 

 included for comparison with Heliometra glacialis var. maxima of the Okhotsk and Ja- 

 pan Seas, of which the known bathymetric range is from 117 to 783 meters, with 

 an average of 322 meters, and the known temperature range is from 1.75 to 

 + 1.72 C., with the average +0.46 C. 



In a paper on the echinoderms of Hudson Bay published in 1937 I recorded Heli- 

 ometra glacialis from five stations in the northern half of the bay, where it had 

 been dredged by the Canadian steamer Loubyrne in 1930. 



In 1940 I recorded this species from eight localities off western and southern 

 Greenland, where it had been collected by the Morrissey. 



In coauthorship with Gordon J. Lockley, formerly of the British Museum (Natural 

 History) but at the time visiting Washington on duty in the Royal Navy, I recorded 

 Heliometra glacialis from four more localities off northwestern Greenland, where it 

 had been dredged by Captain Bartlett in the Morrissey. 



In a study of the relationship between the Arctic and North Pacific echinoderm 

 faunas published in 1945, Djakonov commented on the larger size of the North Pacific 

 specimens of H. glacialis in comparison with Atlantic ones. He listed typical glacialis 

 among the endemic, low- Arctic species. 



In 1948, Einarsson included it in the Arctic littoral sublittoral fauna and 

 gave a map of its distribution around Iceland. 



Tortonese in 1949 reiterated its known bathymetrical range. 



In 1952 Djakonov recorded some fragments from the Chukotsk Sea. 



In 1953 an English version of Vinogradov's account of the chemical composition 

 of some marine invertebrates was published, in which the bromine content of the 

 skeleton of Heliometra glacialis was given. 



Some further localities in the region northeast of Canada were provided in 1955 

 by Grainger, while Hyman, in the same year, outlined the northern distribution of the 

 species and commented on the geographical size variation.' She attributes the size 

 differences to temperature rather than food supply. 



Finally, in 1957 R. W. Blacker published a study on the distributions of benthic 

 animals in the waters south and southeast of Spitzbergen and around Bear Island, 

 based on collections by the Fisheries vessel Ernest Holt and earlier records. He con- 



656-62267 28 



