PART 5 A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 41 



p. 20; Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles, 1927, p. 16 (in key), p. 25 (diagnosis), 

 p. 26 (key to the included British genera). KOEHLER, Les e'chinodermes des mers d'Europe, 

 vol. 2, 1927, p. 122 (diagnosis; remarks). GISLEN, Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren. K0benhavn, vol. 

 83, 1927, p. 43; Ark. Zool., vol. 19, No. 32, 1928, p. 10. MORTENSEN and LIEBERKIND, Die 

 Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Lief. 12, 1928, p. viii. 3. VATOVA, Mem. Com. Talassogr. Ital., 

 vol. 143, 1928, p. 362. H. L. CLARK, Rec. South Australian Mus., vol. 3, No. 4, 1928, p. 369. 

 A. H. CLARK, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 36, 1929, p. 658. NOBRE, Echinodermes de Portugal, 

 1931, p. 159 (diagnosis), p. 163 (included genera). A. H. CLARK, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hi.-t., ser. 10, 

 vol. 10, No. 58, 1932, p. 383. SIEVERTS, Neues J:ihrb. Min., Geol. und Pal., vol. 69, Beilage- 

 Band, Abt. B, 1932, p. 159. BERNASCONI, Anal. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat., Buenos Aires, vol. 

 37, 1932, p. 29 (brief diagnosis). H. L. CLARK, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin 

 Islands, vol. 16, pt. 1, 1933, p. 12. DJAKONOV, Les e'chinodermes des mors arctiques (in Russian), 

 Leningrad, 1933, p. 20 (in key), p. 22 (key to included species). TORTONESE, Natura, Milano, 

 vol. 24, 1933, pp. 163, 164. EKMAN, Zoogeographica, vol. 2, No. 3, 1934, p. 347 (zoogeographic 

 significance). BUEN, Trab. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. Madrid, No. 10, 1934, p. 83. GISLEN, Kungl. 

 Fysiogr. Sallsk. Lund Forh., new ser., vol. 45, No. 11, 1934, pp. 18, 20, 53, 54. EKMAN, Tier- 

 geographie des Meeres, 1935, p. 63. PALLART, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique Nord, vol. 26, pt. 

 2, 1935, p. 58. TORTONESE, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, vol. 59, 1936, p. 208. KOLOS- 

 VARY. Folia zool. hydrobiol. Riga, vol. 9, 1936, p. 83. A. H. CLARK, Temminckia, vol. 1, 1936, 

 p. 315; John Murray Exped. 1933-34, Sci. Reports, vol. 4, No. 4, 1937, pp. 93, 102, 103. MOR- 

 TENSEN, Kongl. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr., nat. math., ser. 9, vol. 7, No. 1, 1937, p. 63 (larva 

 compared with that of Lamprometra klunzingeri) . KOLOSVARY, Festschrift fiir Embrik Strand, 

 vol. 2, 1937, p. 467 (in key), p. 468 (diagnosis). GISLEN, Kungl. Fysiogr. Sallsk. Lund Forh., 

 vol. 8, No. 1, 1937, p. 1; Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. 17, No. 2, 1938, pp. 4, 

 15, 20. NOBRE, Echinodermes de Portugal, ed. 2, 1938, p. 186. TORTONESE, Boll. Mus. Zool. 

 Univ. Torino, vol. 46, ser. 3, No. 82, 1938, p. 43 (diagnosis). GISLEN, Kungl. Fysiogr. Sallsk. 

 Lund Forh., new ser., vol. 49, No. 17, 1939, p. 10. BALES, The littoral fauna of Great Britain, 

 Cambridge, 1939, p. 228. A. H. CLARK, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 14, No. 2, 1940, 

 p. 139 (revision of west tropical Atlantic species). ELIAS DA COSTA, Chaves dicotomicas para 

 a classificagao dos equinodermes Portugueses. IV. Crinoides, Porto, 1940, p. 8. H. L. CLARK, 

 Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, No. 1, 1941, p. 11; Echinoderm fauna of Australia, 1946, 

 p. 60 (only 5 genera known from Australian seas besides a possible Iridomelra from Queensland). 

 TORTONESE, Bull. Inst. Oc&inogr. Monaco, No. 956, 1949, p. 4. FELL, Tuatara, Wellington, 

 New Zealand, vol. 3, No. 2, 1950, p. 84 (in key). GISLEN, Rep. Swedish Deep Sea Exped., 

 vol. 2, Zool., No. 4, 1951, pp. 55, 57, 58 (depth range). HYMAN, The invertebrates, vol. 4, 

 Echinodermata, 1955, pp. 95-97. TORTONESE, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, vol. 68, 

 1956, pp. 181, 182. 



Antedoniden STEINMANN, Die geol. Grundlagen der Abstammungslehre, 1908, p. 158 (of polyphyletic 

 origin). 



Antedonide's A. H. CLARK, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1911, No. 4, p. 256. 



Diagnosis. A family of the suborder Macrophreata in which the basals are trans- 

 formed into a rosette; there are 5 (in one genus 10) radials each of which bears a IBr 

 scries and 2 arms (IIBr series being only very exceptionally present) ; and the gonads 

 are developed wholly within the pinnules. 



Geographical range. Cosmopolitan, but absent from the Baltic and Black Seas. 



Bathymetrical range. From the low tide mark, and sometimes in large tide pools, 

 down to 5220 meters. 



Thermal range. From the high temperatures of the tropical littoral down to 

 -1.85 C. 



Remarks [by A.M.C.]. Mr. Clark left no up-to-date key to the subfamilies of 

 the Antedonidae, so the following one is modified from that given in his Siboga report 

 of 1918. However, it is not altogether satisfactory and should be used only in con- 

 junction with the brief diagnoses given at the end. Since these subfamilies were 



