PART 5 A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 257 



incorporated in various text books without any indication as to its origin. W. B. 

 Carpenter (1S84) and his son P. H. Carpenter (1881, 1884, 1887, 1888) also contributed 

 much to the knowledge of this species, though their work always was based mainly 

 upon A. bifid a. The outstanding memoirs of this decade were those on the embryology 

 and early development by H. Bury (1888, 1889) and Jules Barrois (1886, 1888), the 

 former working at Naples and the latter on material from Toulon and Villefranche. 

 Since the publication of Wyville Thomson's original contribution on the embryology 

 of A. bifida in 1865, histological technique had been so perfected as to give these memoirs 

 practically the value of original treatises. 



The local distribution of this species about Marseille was discussed by Professor 

 Marion (1883), and its general distribution in the Mediterranean by Carus (1884). 

 Perrier (1882) mentioned that it had been obtained by the Travailleur, but gave no 

 details. The myzostomes were treated in great detail by von Graff (1884, 1887). 



The lines of work characteristic of the eighties were continued into the nineties. 

 From the Naples station appeared contributions on anatomical, histological and physio- 

 logical points by Ludwig (1890), Frenzel (1892), Nagel (1892, 1894), Chadwick (1893), 

 Crety (1894), Field (1895) and Russo (1899), with studies on the myzostomes by Beard 

 (1894, 1897), Wheeler (1894, 1895, 1898, 1899), Driesch (1896) and Konstanecki 

 (1898), an account of the details of the local occurrence and of the breeding season by 

 Lo Bianco (1899), and a description of the best way to preserve specimens, also by 

 Lo Bianco (1890; translated into many languages). 



Professor de Lacaze-Duthiers, the founder of the biological station at Roscoff, 

 had interested himself in establishing another station in the Mediterranean, where 

 the winter storms prevalent at Roscoff would not interfere with work. Port Vendres 

 was his first choice, but no location could be secured here because of possible require- 

 ments for naval purposes in case of war, so he decided upon Banyuls-sur-Mer, near 

 the Spanish border. The station was built in 1881, but its scope was greatly enlarged 

 in 1893 through the gift by Prince Roland Bonaparte of a sum of money sufficient for 

 the purchase of a small but adequate steamer. 



Professor de Lacaze-Duthiers had recorded (1891) this species from Banyuls, Port 

 Vendres, Rosas and Cette; the intensive work on deeper water made possible by the 

 steamer Roland enabled Prof. G. Pruvot (1895, 1897) to determine its local distribution 

 about Banyuls with great precision. Pruho (1895) recorded the myzostomes found 

 here, while some of the material described in the various papers by Cuenot came from 

 this locality. 



Prof. Rene Koehler described the occurrence of this form at Cette (1894) and at La 

 Ciotat (1894), and Marchisio (1896) recorded it from Portofino on the Gulf of Rapallo. 

 In the Sea of Marmara, Ostroumoff (1896) recorded it from a number of stations as 

 the result of the work of the Russian steamer Selanik, and from the Bosphorus it was 

 dredged in abundance by Marion (1898). 



In 1891 P. H. Carpenter announced the results of his investigations into the sys- 

 tematic interrelationships of the various forms of Antedon, based on a study covering 

 about 25 years. 



Since 1900 this species has formed the subject of a large number of studies on in- 

 teresting details connected with oogenesis, spermatogenesis, various phases of minute 

 anatomy and histology, and experimental zoology, while research into the broader 

 zoological aspects of its natural history has dwindled to almost nothing. 



