402 BULLETIN 82, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME I 



out in 1912 to make an intensive study of them. The dredging operations were carried 

 out in the motor boat Rink. 



About 1912, Dr. Jean Charcot, on his Arctic expeditions in the Pourquoi Pas? 

 dredged this species around Jan Mayen. 



In 1913 the German research vessel Poseidon dredged widely in the Barents Sea, 

 obtaining salinity and temperature records at each station. 



The Norwegian North Polar Expedition of 1918-1925 in the Maud, went much 

 farther to the east and collected this species at the New Siberian Islands as well as 

 near Wrangel Island, not far from the Bering Strait and close to longitude 180. This 

 was a considerable extension of the known range. 



On a trip to the eastern side of Hudson Bay in the summer of 1920 Mr. Frits 

 Johansen, formerly the naturalist of the Danmark expedition and later one of the natu- 

 ralists of the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913-18, discovered this species in a region 

 far removed from any previously known locality. 



The Norwegian Fishery Investigations carried out an extensive survey of the fauna 

 of the Spitzbergen Bank area from 1923 to 1926, using the ships Blaafjeld, Tovik and 

 Armauer Hansen, under the leadership of Thor Iversen and Einer Ivoefoed. 



From 1927 to 1931 in the Zarnitza, Sedow and Lomonossow, the Arctic Institute of 

 the U.S.S.R. sponsored a series of expeditions to the northern Kara Sea and Franz 

 Josef Land, led by L. 0. Retowsky and W. L. Wagin. Heliometra was taken at a 

 number of stations by all these ships. 



The deep basin of Baffin Bay was investigated in 1928 by the Danish Godthaab 

 Expedition and from 1931 to 1933 the seventh Thule and second Scoresby Sound Com- 

 mittee's expeditions obtained some further material from the east coast of Greenland. 



The Canadian Arctic, as well as Greenland, has also been the site of investigations 

 in recent years. The Hudson Bay fisheries expedition in the Loubyrne in 1930 was 

 followed by the collections of Captain Robert A. Bartlett in the Morrissey around 

 Baffin Land and Greenland and since the war in the Hudson Strait area by the Calanus, 

 sponsored by the Eastern Arctic Investigations of the Fishery Research Board of 

 Canada. 



The specimens collected by Captain Phipps in 1773 and recorded by him in 1774 

 and 1775 seem to have disappeared; but those brought home by the Dorothea and the 

 Trent in 1818 found then- way into the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons and 

 there formed part of an exhibit illustrating the comparative anatomy of animals. Two 

 from the Dorothea are now in the British Museum. 



In the catalogue of the contents of the College of Surgeons Museum published in 

 1830 these specimens are listed under the name of Alecto glacialis, which is ascribed to 

 Dr. William Elford Leach, and a short description of their digestive system is given.* 

 In spite of a most diligent search I have been unable to find that Doctor Leach ever 

 formally diagnosed Alecto glacialis, and yet I feel that he must have placed a short 

 description of it somewhere. Though for all practical purposes utterly inadequate, 

 technically the notice of the digestive system published in 1830 is, under the rules of 

 the International Code of Nomenclature, sufficient to establish the name which there- 

 fore can not be considered a nomen nudum. This name glacialis was used by Sir Rich- 

 ard Owen in 1833, in the "Penny Encyclopedia" in 1837, by Walker in 1860 and 1875, 



* This statement is incorrect; it is further discussed on p. 341. 



