PART 5 A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRDJOIDS 767 



vol. 3, No. 2, 1950, p. 81 (in key). GISLEN, Rep. Swedish Deep Sea Exped., vol. 2, Zool., No. 4, 

 1951, pp. 55, 57, 58 (depth range). HTMAN, The invertebrates, vol. 4, Echinodermata, 1955, 

 p. 95. 



Diagnosis. A family of Macrophreata in which IBr series are absent, the first 

 brachials immediately following the radials, so that the arms are undivided (or perhaps 

 irregularly branched distally) ; the adult may have 5 or 10 radials and a corresponding 

 number of arms; the first syzygy is between brachials 4 + 5, which are followed by a 

 few wedge-shaped brachials, those succeeding becoming much more obliquely wedge- 

 shaped or triangular; and the basals are metamorphosed into a rosette. 



Geographical range. From southern Japan southward to New Zealand and New 

 South Wales, and westward to the eastern coast of Africa; Antarctic regions; from 

 Morocco and the Canary Islands northward to the western coast of Ireland and west- 

 ward to west of Iceland; Lesser Antilles. 



Bathymetrical range. From 254 (?188) to 3290 meters. 



Thermal range. From 0.83 C. to 13.33 C. 



Remarks [by A.M.C.]. Since the young of Thaumatocrinus have only 5 radials 

 and 5 arms like the adult Pentametrocrinus, it appears that one may have arisen from 

 the other by addition or suppression of the supernumary radials in a parallel way to 

 the duplication of radials found in Promachocrinus in the Heliometrinae. 



Mr. Clark left no discussion of this family as a whole but his remarks on the 

 individual species, notably under the heading of Thaumatocrinus renovatus, cover much 

 of the history as well as the interrelationships within the family. 



KEY TO THE GENERA OF PENTAMETROCRINIDAE 



a 1 . Radials and arms 10 (from southwestern Japan southward to the East Indies, thence westward 

 to the Laccadive Islands; Antarctic regions; southwest and west of Iceland; 660-3290 meters). 



Thaumatocrinus (p. 767) 



a*. Radials and arms 5 (from southern Japan southward to New Zealand and New South Wales, 

 thence westward to eastern Africa; Morocco to western Ireland; Lesser Antilles; 254 [?188J 

 2115 meters) Pentametrocrinus (p. 785) 



Genus THAUMATOCRINUS P. H. Carpenter* 



Promachocrinus (part) P. H. CARPENTER, Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 28, 1879, p. 385, and following authors. 



Thaumatocrinus P. H. CARPENTER, Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 35, No. 225, 1883, pp. 138-140 (Thaumato- 

 crinus renovatus) ; Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. for 1883, pt. 3, 1884, pp. 919-933; Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., 

 new ser., vol. 24, 1884, pp. 11, 12; Challenger Reports, Zoology, vol. 11, pt. 32, 1884, p. 370; Nar- 

 rative, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1885, p. 312. WACHSMUTH and SPRINGER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 

 1885, pp. 227 and following; Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea, 1885, pp. 5 and following. PERRIER, 

 Explorations sous-marins, 1SS6, p. 276; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, ser. 2, vol. 9, 1886, 

 p. 154; Me'moiresur 1'organisation et le developpement de la comatule de la MeYliterranee, 1886, 

 p. 106. WACHSMUTH and SPRINGER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1S87, p. 27; 1888, pp. 

 346-348, 359. P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, Zoology, vol. 26, pt. 60, 1888, p. 66. W. 

 MARSHALL, Die Tiefsee und ihr Leben, 1888, p. 239. ROLLESTON and JACKSON, Forms of animal 

 life, 1888, p. 570. DE LORIOL, Paleontologie francaise, ser. 1, Animaux invert6bres, terrain juras- 

 sique, vol. 11, pt. 2, 1889, p. 435. NETJMAYR, Die Stamme des Thierreiches, vol. 1, 1889, pp. 435, 

 443, 448, 457, 483. BATHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 5, 1890, p. 331. WACHSMUTH 

 and SPRINGER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1890, pp. 363, 389. BATHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. 

 Hist., ser. 6, vol. 7, 1891, p. 464. NORMAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 8, No. 44, August 

 1891, p. 181. P. II. CARPENTER, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 24, 1891, pp. 3, 24. A. AQASSIZ, 



* See also Addenda (p. 836) under 1962. 



