A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 493 



Comanthus briareus A. H. CLARK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 395 (history; divaricata 

 a synonym; magnified very closely related; Albatross stations 5138, 5142, 5147, 5148, 5249, 

 5254); p. 396 (compared with polycnemis); Zool. Anzciger, vol. 34, No. 11-12, 1909, p. 365 

 (19 42.1' S., 116 49.8' E., 50 fathoms); p. 366 (discussion); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 



1912, p. 385 (identity of preceding). H. L. CLARK, Biol. Results Fishing Experiments F. I. S. 

 Endeavour, 1909-1914, vol. 4, pt. 1, 1916, pp. 14, 15 (comparison with C. perplexum) ; Echino- 

 derm Fauna of Torres Strait, 1921, p. 17 (28 specimens from the Philippines recorded; color 

 in life); p. 192 and following (range); Records Australian Mus., vol. 15, No. 2, Nov. 18, 1926, 

 p. 184 (Feather Reef; Surprise Shoal, 7 fathoms). 



Comanthus (Comantheria) briareus A. H. CLARK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, 1911, p. 535 (Alba- 

 tross station 5321; and Mahinog, Caunguin I.). 



Comantheria briareus A. H. CLARK, Die Fauna Sudwcst-Australiens, vol. 3, Lief. 13, 1911, p. 437 

 (northwest Australia, 9 fathoms); p. 439 (East Indian species occurring south to Perth and 

 Port Deuison); p. 443 (range on the east coast); p. 444 (range on the west coast); p. 454 

 (localities; descriptions of specimens); p. 465 (association with other species). R. H[ORST], 

 in A. H. CLARK, Notes from the Leyden Mus., vol. 33, 1911, p. 192, footnote (West Java). 

 A. H. CLARK, Mem. Australian Mus., vol. 4, 1911, p. 717 (known to Carpenter from Australia); 

 p. 721 (occurs south to Port Denison); p. 723 (Port Walcott); p. 733 (in key); p. 752 (anno- 

 tated synonymy; characters; Australian records; Baudin I., 8-15 fathoms; range); Proc. Biol. 

 Soc. Washington, vol. 25, 1912, p. 23 (compared with C. rolulaund C. wcberi); Smiths. Miscell. 

 Coll., vol. 60, No. 10, 1912, p. 4 (resemblance of Capillaster macrobrachius to this species); 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, 1912, p. 385 (identity); p. 390 (north of Port Walcott, 50 

 fathoms; southwestern Australia); Crinoids of the Indian Ocean, 1912, p. 31 ( = Antcdon 

 briareus Bell, 1884); p. 36 ( = Actinometra briareus and A. divaricata P. H. Carpenter, 1888); 

 p. 37 ( = Actinomeira divaricata Hartlaub, 1891); p. 39 ( = Actinometra parvicirra Bell, 1894, 

 part); p. 90 (synonymy; summary of previous records); Smiths. Miscell. Coll., vol. 61, No. 15, 



1913, p. 13 (published references to specimens in the British Museum; localities; characters 

 of the specimens); p. 75 (synonymy). REICHENSPERGER, Abhandl. Senck. naturf. Gesellsch., 

 vol. 35, Heft 1, 1913, p. 82 (Aru Is.); p. 87 (Aru Is.; Strasse von Dobo, 50 m.; characters of the 

 2 specimens). A. H. CLARK, Internat. Revue d. gesamt. Hydrobiol. u. Hydrogr., 1915, pp. 

 222 and following (detailed account of the distribution in Australia) ; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- 

 ington, vol. 29, 1916, p. 105 (comparison with C. intermedia). HARTMEYER, Mitt. zool. Mus. 

 Berlin, vol. 8, Heft 2, 1916, p. 234 (Western Australia, No. 3430; southwestern Australia, 

 No. 6133). A. H. CLARK, Unstalkcd Crinoids of the Siboga Exped., 1918, p. 43 (in key; 

 range) ; p. 43, footnote (includes Comanthus callipeplum) ; p. 44 (synonymy; notes; stations 33, 

 50, 60, 96, 125, 144, 240, 257, 282, 299); pp. 271-275 (listed). 



Comantheria magnifica A. H. CLARK, Crinoids of the Indian Ocean, 1912, p. 36 (identity); p. 90 

 (synonymy; locality); Unstalked Crinoids of the Siboga Exped., 1918, p. 43 (in key; range). 



Actinometra duplex (B. M., MS.) A. H. CLARK, Crinoids of the Indian Ocean. 1912, p. 90 (in syn- 

 onymy); Smiths. Miscell. Coll., vol. 61, No. 15, 1913, p. 13 (B. M., MS.; Bassett-Smith Bank). 



Actinometra typica (B. M., MS.) A. H. CLARK, Crinoids of the Indian Ocean, 1912, p. 90 (in syn- 

 onymy); Smiths. Miscell. Coll., vol. 61, No. 15, 1913, p. 13 (B. M., MS.; Billiton). 



Diagnostic features. A large species with usually very numerous arms. The 

 centrodorsal is reduced to a thin subcircular, irregularly pentagonal, or substellate 

 plate which is notched by obsolete cirrus sockets about the edges or bears a few 

 irregularly distributed rudimentary cirri. The earlier portion of the arms is char- 

 acteristically rugged, as a result of the development of low and very broad articular 

 tubercles. The IIIBr series are 2, but the following division series are all, or nearly 

 all, 4 (3+4). 



Description. The centrodorsal is a thin rounded pentagonal to stellate plate, 

 usually more or less notched about the edges, which is on a level with or slightly 

 below the level of the radials. 



