A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 109 



The figure does not show any characters by which this may be separated from 

 related species, and Carpenter gives no differential characters in the text; but tech- 

 nically this mention of this form constitutes the original description. 



This figure of the centrodorsal and the radial articulai faces was reprinted in the 

 Challenger report. 



In 1884 Prof. Ludwig von Graff described the myzostomes found on a comasterid 

 in the Copenhagen Museum from New Holland (Australia) which he recorded under 

 the name of Antedon tenax. I have not seen this specimen, which was presumably 

 one of the earlier ones brought to Europe by the Godeft'roy Co. and named by Liitken 

 before ho had discovered the difference between Antedon and Actinometra; that is, in 

 the late sixties. 



In the Challenger report on the stalked crinoids (1S84) Carpenter described the 

 distribution of the ambulacral grooves on the disk in Actinometra stelligera, using it, 

 together with Actinometra magnifica, as typical of comasterids with an interradial 

 mouth. He diagnosed Actinometra stelligera by giving its "specific formula" in a 

 footnote. He also redescribed the specimen with 2 mouths and 2 anal tubes, republish- 

 ing the figure which originally appeared in 1880. Further on he lists 8 groups (A-H) 

 of the genus Actinometra, and cites Actinometra stelligera as typical of group F, 

 which is characterized by having "two palmars, the axillary not a syzygy," that is, 

 the IIIBr series 2. 



In the Challenger report on the comatulids (1888) Carpenter gave a detailed 

 description of this species based on 7 specimens brought back by the Challenger, 

 and recorded it also from Tonga, Fiji, Somoa, and the reef of Atagor. While this 

 volume was going through the press and after some of the plates illustrating the 

 structure of this form had been printed Carpenter found that his stelligera was ap- 

 parently identical with the form which had been distributed by the Godeffroy Museum 

 under the name tenax. In the introduction Carpenter discussed in great detail the 

 centrodorsal, radial pentagon and associated structures, as well as the arm structure. 

 He said that there is a closely allied, if not identical, species from Cebu (Zebu) in the 

 museums at Dresden and at Vienna. 



Under Actinometra paucicirra ( Comatula rolalaria) in the CJudlenger report 

 Carpenter mentions a new species from the Mergui Archipelago which presents the 

 same arrangement of the arm divisions as is found in paucicirra, but which differs 

 from that species in having normally 2, and sometimes 3, postradial axillaries, and 

 also in the presence of some 30 cirri on the centrodorsal. 



In the same year (1888) Bell listed Actinometra notata as having been collected 

 by Dr. John Anderson in the Mergui Archipelago. This name and record had been 

 furnished him by Carpenter, and the species referred to was that briefly mentioned 

 as a new form in the Challenger report 



This new species, Actinometra notata, was described and figured by Carpenter 

 in 1889; but he compared it only with paucicirra (rotalaria) and entirely overlooked 

 its affinities with stelligera. 



In 1890 Professor MacMunn described the coloring matter found in this species. 



In 1891 Hartlaub recorded 3 specimens of stelligera from Samoa and Fiji in the 

 Hamburg Museum, and one from Ovalfiu in the Liibeck Museum, giving the chief 

 characters of the last. 



