A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 203 



Mer, just outside the southern reef; 5-9 meters (1, M. C. Z., 508). 



Claremont Islands, Queensland (about lat. 14 S.); 20 meters; sand and mud; 

 Alert [BeU, 1884; P. H. Carpenter, 1888; A. H. Clark, 1913] (1, B. M.). 



Flinders Islands, Queensland (west of Cape Melville) [Bell, 1884; P. H. Car- 

 penter, 1888; A. H. Clark, 1913] (?1, B. M.). 



Lizard Island, Queensland (north of Cooktown); 15 meters [A. H. Clark, 1913, 

 as Tizaid reef] (1, B. M.). 



Lizard Island; 49 meters [A. H. Clark, 1913, as Tizaid reef] (1, B. M.). 



Blanche Bay, New Britain; Prof. Arthur Willey [A. H. Clark, 1913] (1, B. M.). 



Ekalin, St. Matthias Island, Bismarck archipelago; Dr. G. Duncker [A. H. Clark, 

 1912] (1, H. M.). 



St. Matthias Island; Herr H. Schode [A. H. Clark, 1912] (1, Berl. M., 5941). 



Ruk, Caroline Islands [Hartlaub, 1891; A. H. Clark, 1912] (1, H. M.). 



East Indies [Liitken, 1871]. 



Indian Seas [LinnS, 1758; Retzius, 1783, 1805; J. Muller, 1843; P. H. Car- 

 penter, 1888]. 



"Antarctic Expedition" [A. H. Clark, 1913] (1, B. M.). 



No locality [A. H. Clark, 1912, 1913] (4, B. M.; Berl. M.). 



Geographical range.- From the Maldive Islands and Ceylon eastward to Formosa 

 (Taiwan), the Philippines, and the Caroline Islands, and southward to Australia, 

 reaching Cape Flattery (lat. 15 S.) on the east coast and Shark Bay on the west. 



Bathymetrical range. From the shore line down to 292 meters; nearly half of the 

 records are from the shore line, and only 6 out of 111 are from water more than 100 

 meters in depth. The average of the 111 records is 38 meters. 



Thermal range. One record, 25.56 C. 



History. This species was first noticed by Petiver who in 1716 figured a speci- 

 men with 13 arms under the name of Stella cMnensis perelegans dupliciter radiata. 



Link in 1733 created a special genus, Tpio-KaiSeKaK^Tj/zos, for Petiver's specimen 

 which, however, he suspected had been mutilated. 



In 1758 Linn6 referred this specimen to his Asterias pectinata, placing the 

 reference to Petiver's figure among the four synonyms of this species. Asterias 

 pectinata he described as "A. radiata radiis duplicatis: superioribus pinnatis, inferiori- 

 bus fiJiforniibus." As synonyms he cites the forms described by Barrelier (=Antedon 

 mediterranea), Columna ( = Antedon mediterranean), Petiver ( = Capillaster multiradiata) 

 and Link ( = Antedon bifida and A. mediterranea). 



While it is clear that Linn6 intended to bestow the name pectinata upon the 

 common comatulid of the European coasts (Antedon), he gave as the habitat for his 

 Asterias pectinata "in M. Indico." Of the specimens described by previous authors 

 which he referred to pectinata one was from China and all the rest from European seas, 

 one being from England and the remainder from the Mediterranean; none of them 

 had come from India. This discrepancy is explained by the existence of a specimen 

 at Lund which he had before him when he wrote the account of pectinata. This speci- 

 men represents the species now known as Comatula pectinata. 



Immediately following Linn6's description of Asterias pectinata is his descrip- 

 tion of Asterias multiradiata. This he says is "A. radiata radiis palmato-multiplicatis 



