A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 409 



(Maldive Islands to Australia, south to Port Walcott, Western Australia, and Port Molle, 

 Queensland, Fiji, the Gilbert [Kingsmill] Islands, southern Japan, the Philippines, Maccles- 



field Bank, and the coast of China; 0-290 [7538] meters) Comaster, p. 409. 



a ! . Elements of the IBr series and first 2 ossicles following each axillary united by synarthry; 

 most of the axillaries bear either 2 division series or 2 arms; there is never a series of succes- 

 sive division series bearing alternately a further division series on one side and an undivided 

 arm on the other. 



6'. All of the IIIBr series 2; only very exceptionally are IIIBr 4 (3 + 4) series to be found follow- 

 ing I IBr 2 series, particularly on the posterior arms; I IBr series all, or mostly, 4 (3 + 4); 

 some, most, or all of the division series following the IIIBr series 4 (3 + 4) (Java to Aus- 

 tralia, south to the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, and Ballina, New South Wales, 

 the Bonin Islands, southern Japan, the Philippines, Formosa [Taiwan], and Fukien 



Province, China; 0-150 meters) Comantheria, p. 483. 



fc 2 . All, most, or at least some of the IIIBr series 4 (3 + 4). 



c 1 . Outer IIIBr series on each ray 2, the inner 4 (3 + 4); following division series wholly, or 

 mostly, 4 (3 + 4); IIBr series wholly, or mostly, 4 (3 + 4); the typical arrangement of 

 the IIIBr series is subject to some variation, on the posterior arms especially, following 

 IIBr 2 series; but it is always evident on at least one of the rays (Maldive Islands and 

 Ceylon to Australia, south to the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, and Torres 

 Strait, the Solomon, Caroline, and Philippine Islands, and Macclesfield Bank; 0-548 



meters) Comanthina, p. 457. 



c 2 . IIIBr series, either all 4 (3 + 4), or 4 (3 + 4) and 2 in varying proportions; in the latter 

 case there is never any definite arrangement of the 4 (3 + 4) and 2 series (Cape of Good 

 Hope, Madagascar, the Seychelles and Baluchistan to Australia, including the whole 

 southern coast, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, the Gilbert, 

 Caroline, Pelew, and Bonin Islands, southern Japan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, and 

 Amoy, China; 0-256 [?548] meters) -- Comanthua, p. 527. 



Genus COMASTER L. Agassiz 



tAlecto LEACH, Zool. Miscell., vol. 2, 1815, p. 61 (diagnosis; first species A. horrida, not recognizable) . 

 LEACH, Zool. Journ., vol. 1, 1825, p. 589. 



IPolyactis RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la nature, 1815, p. 153 (no type given). 



tHeterias RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la nature, 1815, p. 153 (no type given). 



Comalula (part) LAMAKCK, Hist. nat. des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, 1816, p. 534 and following 

 authors. 



Comaster L. AGASSIZ, Mem. soc. de sci. nat. de Neuchatel, vol. 1, 1835, 1836, p. 193 (diagnosis; 

 genotype Comalula multiradiala Lamarck, 1816). LAMARCK, Hist. nat. des animaux sans 

 vertebres, ed. 3, vol. 1, 1837, p. 472. GOLDFUSS, Nova Acta Acad. German., vol. 19, 1839, p. 

 349. LAMARCK, Hist. nat. des animaux sans vertebres, ed. 2, vol. 3, 1840, p. 212. J. MULLER, 

 Archiv f. Naturgesch., 1840, vol. 1, p. 309; Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss., April, 1840, 

 p. 93; Abhandl. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss., 1841, 1843, p. 203. [GERVAIS], Diet, univers. 

 d'hist. nat., vol. 4, 1844, p. 130. GISTEL, Naturgesch. des Thierreichs, 1848, p. 176. QUEN- 

 STEDT, Handb. d. Petrefactenkunde, 1852, p. 600. DE KONINCK and LE HON. M6m. acad. roy. 

 de Belgique, 1854, p. 46. BRONN, Die Klassen u. Ordnungen d. Strahlenthiere, 1860, p. 202 

 (history). DUJARDIN and HUPE, Hist. nat. des zoophytes, Echinodermes, 1862, p. 211 (his- 

 tory). CARUS, Handb. d. Zool., vol. 2, 1863, p. 515. ALLMAN, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 

 vol. 23, 1864, p. 246. M. SARS, Memoire pour servire a la connaisance des crinoides vivants, 

 1868, p. 2. POMEL, Revue des echinodermes, [1869], p. Hi. P. H. CARPENTER, Nature, vol. 

 15, Jan. 4, 1877, p. 197; Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 13, 1877, p. 455. QOENSTEDT, Petre- 

 factenkunde Deutschlands, vol. 4, Asteriden u. Encriniden, 1876, p. 165. PACKARD, Zoology, 

 1879, p. 101. ZITTEL, Handb. d. Palaeontol., vol. 1, 1876-1880, p. 396. P. H. CARPENTER, 

 Trans. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), ser. 2, vol. 2, 1879, p. 7 (history); Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1880, 

 p. 40; Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 15, 1880, pp. 188 and following; Bull. Mua. Comp. Zool., 



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