A MONOGRAPH OF THE EXISTING CRINOIDS 125 



Genus CATOPTOMETRA A. H. Clark 



Antedon (part) A. H. CLARK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 72, 150. 



Zygometra (part) A. H. CLARK, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 50, 1907, pp. 339, 345, 347. 



Catoptometra A. H. CLARK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 317 (listed, with 3 species men- 

 tioned, hartlaiibi, koehleri, and rubroflava; in family Zygometridae; no diagnosis and no type 

 designated), p. 505 (type designated as Antedon hartlaubi A. H. Clark, 1907); vol. 35, 1908, 

 fig. 16, p. 119 (arm structure); Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 52, 1908, p. 217 (characteristic 

 rough feeling of arms); Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 22, 1909, p. 2 (cirri and lower pinnules 

 compared with those of Charitometridae) ; Vid. Medd. Naturh. Forcn. K0benhavn, 1909, p. 

 152 (cirri and brachials compared with those of Zygomelra fluctuans [comata]), p. 193 (probably 

 occurs at Singapore though not yet discovered there) ; Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 32, 191 1, p. 129 

 (characteristic of the Japanese fauna; significance); Mem. Australian Mus., vol. 4, 1911, p. 

 725 (absent from Australia); Crinoids of the Indian Ocean, 1912, p. 9 (absent from Austra- 

 lia), p. 10 (great development of local species in Japan), p. 11 (absent from west coast of 

 Malay Peninsula and from farther west), p. 17 (significance of conditions in this genus in 

 southern Japan), p. 21 (range; reaches to 153 fathoms), p. 56 (in key), p. 106 (original reference; 

 type); Die Crinoiden der Antarktis, 1915, p. 112 (synonymy; range); Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 40, 

 1915, p. 62 (list of recent species), p. 63 (number of recent and fossil species; range), p. 65 (con- 

 fined in recent seas to the western Pacific; fossil in Patagonia and Europe). F. W. CLARKE 

 and WHEELER, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 90-L, 1915, p. 195 (inorganic constituents of the 

 skeleton); Professional Paper 102, 1917, pp. 23 and following (same). A. H. CLARK, Un- 

 stalked crinoids of the Siboga-Exped., 1918, p. 63 (key to the included species); Univ. Iowa 

 Stud. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, No. 5, 1921, p. 14 (includes both recent and fossil species; not known 

 from West Indies); Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 72, No. 7, 1921, p. 17. F. W. CLARKE and 

 WHEELER, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 124, 1922, p. 20 (inorganic constituents of the skeleton). 

 GISLEN, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis, ser. 4, vol. 5, No. 6, 1922, p. 64; Zool. Bidrag 

 Uppsala, vol. 9, 1924, pp, 35, 84, 100, 107, 117, 159; Kungl. Fysiogr. Sallsk. Handl.. new ser., 

 vol. 45, No. 11, 1934, p. 18. 



Diagnosis. A genus of Zygometridae in which the outer cirrus segments are 

 but little, if at aD, shorter than the proximal and do not bear dorsal processes. 



Geographical range. Southern Japan from the Korean Straits to Sagami Bay, the 

 Bonin and Philippine Islands, Hong Kong, and southward to the Lesser Sunda 

 Islands. 



Bathymetrical range. From 25 to 914 meters; most abundantly represented be- 

 tween 81 and 196 meters. 



Remarks. The genus Catoptometra is one of the most easily recognized of all the 

 genera of multibrachiate comatuhcls. The stout strongly recurved smooth cim with 

 more or less swollen articulations and consequently a knobby appearance, combined 

 with the presence of a syzygy between the elements of the IBr series, separate it at 

 once from all other genera including multibrachiate forms. The syzygy in the IBr 

 series is very brittle, and almost invariably during capture one or more of the post- 

 radial series not infrequently all are broken across at this point. 



Superficially the species of Catoptometra resemble to a certain extent some of the 

 species in certain genera of Charitometridae, but these last are easily recognized by the 

 sharply carmate pinnules and the occurrence of conspicuous side plates and covering 

 plates on the ventral surface of the pinnules. 



Of the four species included in the genus one, C. hartlaubi, seems to occupy a 

 rather isolated position. The other three are more closely allied, but one of these, C. 

 magnifica, differs markedly from the others in having all the division series of two 

 ossicles only and in having a greater number of arms. The two remaining species, 



