Carthamine 



catenulate 



Carth'amine, red colouring matter 

 from flowers of Carthamus tinctorius, 

 Linn. 



cartilag'inous, cartilagin'evs (Lat., 

 gristly), hard and tough, as the skin 

 of an apple-pip. 



Carunc'le, Carunc'ula (Lat., a little 

 piece of flesh), a wart or protuber- 

 ance near the hilum of a seed ; 

 carunc'ulate, canmcula'tus, possess- 

 ing a caruncle. 



CaryoMne'sis or Caryocine'sis (Crozier) 

 = KARYOKINESIS ; nuclear division. 



caryolyt'ic (Kdpvov, a nut, Xvcns, a loos- 

 ing), relating to nuclear dissolution. 



caryophylla'ceous, -cms; caryophyl- 

 1'eous, -lous, used of a corolla hav- 

 ing petals with a long claw as 

 in Dianthus CaryophyUus, Linn., 

 whence the name ; caryophylla'tus, 

 = the same. 



Car'yoplasm (Kapvov, a nut = nucleus, 

 Tr\d(r/j.a, moulded), Vuillemin's term 

 for the plasma of the nucleus ; 

 Caryop'sis (o^ty, resemblance) = 

 CARIOPSIS ; Car'yosomes (o-w/ua, the 

 body), the constituents of the 

 nucleus (Vuillemin). 



Cas'ein, see PLANT-CASEINS 



Casque = GALEA. 



cassid'eous, -eus (cassis, a helmet), 

 helmet-shaped, as the upper sepal 

 in Aconitum. 



cas'sus (Lat., empty), empty, as an 

 anther destitute of pollen. 



casta'neus (Lat.), chestnut-coloured. 



cast'ing, prematurely shedding leaves, 

 or fruit. 



cas'trate, castra'tus (Lat. , gelded), said 

 of a defective part, as a filament 

 without an anther ; Castra'tion, in 

 botany ; (1) removal of anthers for 

 artificial crossing ; (2) the action of 

 Ustilago, etc. on Lychnis and allied 

 genera ; divided into aniphig'enous 

 ~ , transformation in either stamens 

 or pistils ; androg'enous ~ , produc- 

 tion of anthers ; thelyg'ynous, pro- 

 duction of pistils in male-host. 



Cas'ual (casualis, fortuitous), H. C. 

 Watson's term for an occasional 

 weed of cultivation, which is not 

 naturalised. 



catabol'ic( /card, down; j36\os, athrow), 

 adj. of Catab'olism, destructive 

 metabolism of the protoplasm, or 

 the formation of simpler substances 

 from more complex, accompanied 

 by a conversion of potential into 

 kinetic energy ; also spelt KATA- 

 BOLISM ; Catacle'sium J (/cA^eny, a 

 shutting up) = DICLESIDM ; Cata- 

 coroll'a (corolla, a little garland), a 

 second corolla formed exterior to 

 the true one; resembling a hose-in- 

 hose flower ; catad'romous (5p6/ioy, 

 course), Luerssen's term when the 

 first set of nerves in each segment 

 of a Fern frond is given off on the 

 basal side of the mid-rib, as in 

 Osmunda ; Catagen'esis (yevecris, a 

 beginning), retrogressive evolution, 

 by loss of attributes or simplifica- 

 tion of structure ; Catal'ysis (Xi^m, 

 a loosing), chemical changes effected 

 by a substance which does not itself 

 undergo change ; ferment action ; 

 catalytic, modification of chemical 

 force which causes catalysis ; cata- 

 metad'romous ( + metadromous) in 

 Ferns, when they are sometimes 

 catadromous and sometimes meta- 

 dromous, which may occur in the 

 same species ; catapet'alous, -us, 

 (ireTo.\ov, a flower - leaf), where 

 petals are united only by cohesion 

 with united stamen, as in Malva ; 

 Cat'aphyll, Cataphyll'a, pi. ((pv\\ov, 

 leaf), the early leaf-forms of a plant 

 or shoot, as cotyledons, bud-scales, 

 rhizome-scales, etc. ; in German, 

 Niederblatter ; catapnyll'ary , of the 

 nature of the foregoing ; <~ Leaves, 

 = CATAPHYLLS. 



Cat'apult Fruit ; those fruits dispers- 

 ing seeds or fruit segments by the 

 elasticity of their peduncles. 



Cat'echu, pr. Cat'eshoo, cutch, the 

 heart - wood of Acacia Catechu, 

 Willd. , powerfully astringent from 

 its rich tannin-contents. 



cat'enate (catena,, a chain), the co- 

 herency of Diatom frustules in a 

 connected chain ; caten'ulate, ca- 

 tenula'tus, formed of parts united 

 or linked as in a chain. 



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