winter-killing 



Xantholeucite 



minates in autumn, and living 

 through the winter, fruits and dies; 

 cf. BIENNIAL ; killing, destruc- 

 tion by exposure to variations of 

 weather and temperature ; ~ -spore, 

 a resting spore. 



Wltch'es' Brooms, a disease shown by 

 tufts of shoots, due to attack by 

 Fungi or mites ; in German " Hex- 

 enbesen " ; Steppe - wit'ches, or 

 Wind- ~ , ball-like felted masses of 

 plants in steppe regions, which 

 have become detached from their 

 roots and are blown about by the 

 wind. 



with'ering, marcescent. 



With'y, a willow twig, a pliable wand. 



Woad, = ISATIN, the blue colouring 

 matter of Isatis tinctoria, Linn. 



Wood, the lignitied portion of plants, 

 include'! within the cambium 

 layer, but exclusive of the pith ; the 

 xylem elements of the united vas- 

 cular bundles ; ~ Ball, = SPHERO- 

 BLAST ; Cells, are lengthened 

 and thickened, combined into 

 threads, fascicles, or * undies, form- 

 ing prosenchyma ; ~ El'ements, the 

 fibres which make up the xylem ; 

 ~ Fi'bre, the fibre-vascular tissue ; 

 ~ Gum, contained in the wood of 

 Dicotyledons, said to consist chiefly 

 of xylan ; ~ Parench'yma, tissue 

 of thick -walled cells : Au'tumn~, 

 the outer portion of each annual 

 ring of growth, having smaller 

 ducts and wood cells, with walls 

 much thickened ; Spring ~ , the 

 inner portion of each annual incre- 

 ment, consisting of larger, thinner- 

 walled cells and ducts ; woud'y, 

 approaching the nature of wood, 

 ligneous ; < Fi'bre, wood-tissue ; 

 ~ Rings, the annulations seen on 

 cross section, which usually denote 

 one year's growth ; ~ Tis'sue, xylem ; 

 ~ Wedg'es, Williamson's expression 

 for the fibro-vascular bundles in 

 Calamites (W. R. M'Nab). 



Wool, long, dense, curled hairs 

 (Crozier) ; woolly, lanate, tomen- 

 tose, clothed with long and tor- 

 tuous or matted hairs. 



291 



worm-shaped, more or less cylindric, 

 and contorted. 



Wor'onin's Hy'pha, a coiled hypha in 

 some forms of Ascomycetes, occur- 

 ring in the centre of the future 

 sporocarp, and probably homo- 

 logous with an archicarp. 



Wort, pr. wurt, (1) a plant, especially 

 a cabbage ; (2) the sweet infusion 

 of malt, ir unfermented beer. 



Wound, any injury caused by abrasion 

 or incision in the cortical layers of 

 a trt e ; ~ Cam'bium, a layer of 

 phellogen resulting from the tan- 

 gential division of epidermal cells, 

 or from cortical cells beneath the 

 epidermis; ~ Cork, the non-conduct- 

 ing tissue which shuts off fungus- 

 diseased portions of bast from 

 the sound parts ; ~ Gum, a sub- 

 stance abundantly secreted in the 

 vessels by the surrounding starch- 

 cells, closing the wound-cavities 

 (Temme) ; ~ Par'asite, a Fungus 

 which attacks the surface of a 

 wound, and so effects an entrance 

 into the tissues of the host ; ~ 

 Rot, various forms of decay not 

 accounted for by parasitic Fungi ; 

 ~ Wood, abnormal growth, dis- 

 tinguished by its short cells and 

 absence or scarcity of vessels (De 

 Vries). 



Wrap'per, = VOLVA. 



Wrin'kle, a fold or crease ; wrin'kled, 

 rugose, creased. 



Xan'thein (ac#ds, yellow), a yellow- 

 colouring of plants, the same 



as A.NTHOCHLORIN, ff. XANTHINE ; 



xanthel'lus, somewhat yellow ; 

 xan'thic, tending to yellow ; ~ 

 Flow'ers, those which display yel- 

 low in their tints, opposed to 

 cyanic flowers; Xan'thin, (1) a 

 pure yellow substance from chloro- 

 phyll (Kraus) ; (2) a solid insoluble 

 pigment ; also Xan'thine, (1) found 

 in seedlings of C'icer arietinum, 

 Linn. ; (2) a mixture of colouring 

 matters described by Kuhlmann as 

 a single body (Green) ; Xamholeu'- 

 cite (+ LEUCITE), a leucite of an 



