APPENDIX 



p.p. pro parte, partly; on the 



title-page of a thesis it 

 stands for puUice pro- 

 ponit. 



sp. species ; spp. two or more 



species. 



t. or tab. tabula, plate ; t. some- 

 times, but rarely, means 

 tomus, volume. 



v.s.c. vidi siccam cultam, I have 



seen a dried cultivated 

 specimen. 



v.s.s. vidi siccam spontaneam, 



I have seen a dried wild 

 specimen. 



v.v.c. vidi vivam cultam, I have 



seen a living cultivated 

 specimen. 



v.v.s. vidi vivam spontaneam, 

 I have seen a living wild 

 specimen. 

 Names of authors when long are 



properly abbreviated by giving the 



first syllable and the first consonant 

 of the second, as Lam. for Lamarck ; 

 when there are more of the same 

 name, an initial or other sign is 

 added. The latest list is to be 

 found in Gray's "Botanical Text- 

 book," ed. 6, p. 385-390. 



Special signs will be found in many 

 works, but their use is usually ex- 

 plained, as in Eichler's " Bluthendia- 

 gramme. " For longer lists refer to 

 Candolle (A. P. de) " Systema Vege- 

 tabilium," i. p. 12, 13; Trattinick 

 (L.) " Synodus " i. p. 13, 14 ; Loudon 

 (J. C.) " Hortus Britannicus," " En- 

 cyclopedia of Plants," and "Arbore- 

 tum"; Lindley (J.) "Introduction 

 to Botany," ed. 1, p. 422-431. The 

 meaning of chemical signs, such as 

 CO-2 for carbon dioxide, H2 O, water, 

 and the like, must be obtained from a 

 text-book of chemistry. 



APPENDIX B 

 THE PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN AND LATINIZED WORDS 



The old or traditional method is as follows : 



a short, as in fat. a long, as in gave. 



e ,, pet. e ,, evil. 



i ,, thin. i ,, ice. 



o ,, not. o ,, note, 



u ,, tub. u ,, tube, 



y ,, cygnet. y ,, cypress, 



ae, oe, as in feet, ei as in eye, au as in bawl, 

 c and g hard before a, o, u ; soft before e, i, y ; ch as k. 



a long, as in psalm. 



The modern or continental method : 

 a short, as in apart. 

 e ,, lend, 



i ,, thin, 



o ,, not. 



u full, 



y short, like German ii, and French u. 

 ae, oe, ei, practically as in pain, 

 au as in house, 



c and g always hard, as in cut and good, 

 ch as in Christian. 



e 

 i 

 o 

 u 



vein. 



seen, 

 note, 

 rule. 



322 



