THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN n 



northern instance is that described by Doctor J. M. Clarke, of 

 the association in Attica, New York, of mastodon remains 

 with charcoal and pottery. Four feet below the surface, in a 

 black muck, Clarke found the bones of the mastodon, and 

 twelve inches below this, in undisturbed clay, pieces of pottery 

 and thirty pieces of charcoal. The association of the mastodon 

 with the charcoal is not so significant, as it is conceivable that 

 charcoal may have been formed by natural means, but not 

 the pottery. The issue of the magazine Natural History for 

 November-December, 1921, figures what seems to be the crude 

 outline of a mastodon on a piece of bone from Jacob's cavern, 

 Pineville, Missouri, in a way comparable to the Upper Paleo- 

 lithic engravings of Europe. 



In South America, again, the association of man and the 

 ground sloth, Grypotherium, in a cavern at Lost Hope Inlet, 

 Patagonia, seems definitely established. The fresh-looking 

 remains, shreds of skin which show indications of having been 

 cut with primitive knives, the presence of apparently cut grass, 

 all point to the cherishing by man of what were probably the 

 last of these creatures, either in the role of domestic animals 

 or of those sacred to some deity as was the Egyptian bull 

 Apis. 



Keith is greatly impressed with the diversity of American 

 languages and the high development of pre-Columbian civiliza- 

 tions in the New World, and feels that they point to an an- 

 tiquity far beyond that commonly accepted by the ethnologist. 

 On the other hand, all indigenous New World men are of 

 essentially the same general racial type, the Mongoloid, nor 

 have they been here long enough to establish racial differentia- 

 tion comparable to that of the Old World. 



Old World. Africa has been productive of but two osseous 

 specimens of man of marked antiquity. One, found at Oldo- 

 way ravine, Tanganyika Territory, in the early days of the 

 Great War, is impressive neither for its apparent age nor 



