32 THE EVOLUTION OF MAN 



five skeletons, an old man, a woman, a child, and two young 

 men, and these specimens are now looked upon as the types of 

 the race. 



The most impressive thing about Cro-Magnon man is the 

 majestic height, which averages six feet one and five tenths 

 inches in the young men, while the old man was six feet four 

 and five tenths inches. The women, on the other hand, had an 

 average height of only five feet five inches, but little above 

 that of to-day. The limb proportions and the great chest are 

 suggestive of negroes, but not the skull, which is decidedly 

 more Asiatic than African in implied affinities. 



The skull is very large, even the female brain exceeding 

 that of the average male of to-day. This is perhaps the more 

 significant, since, as Keith says, the size of the body has a 

 direct influence on the size of the brain. The Cro-Magnon 

 skull, while long and narrow, is entirely modern, lacking as it 

 does the great brow-ridges of his predecessors. Nor is the 

 brain in any way distinctive from that of existing man. The 

 face, on the other hand, is broad, especially across the cheek 

 bones, giving a disharmony of face and cranium. The facial 

 angle is equal to that of the highest modern man. (See Frontis- 

 piece, Fig. i, and Fig. 9.) 



The jaw is strong and the chin, though prominent, is narrow 

 when seen from in front. The palate is also narrow and the 

 dental arch and teeth are of a relatively high type. 



In Obercassel, near Bonn, Germany, there is an extinct race 

 resembling very closely the Cro-Magnons except for a short 

 stature. 



Culturally, these late Paleolithic men stood very high, not 

 only in their production of flint implements of Aurignacian 

 type (see table, page 4), but because it was in representa- 

 tives of this race that primitive art found so high and so very 

 remarkable an expression. This art sculpture, engraving, 

 and painting has been found in great abundance in and upon 



