THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 37 



summer. That visit led to a very firm conviction of the pres- 

 ence of Upper Pliocene or Tertiary man in England, as shown 

 by his cultures. These are three, two of which ( i ) the pre- 

 Crag industry (rostro-carinate flints) of Ipswich, and (2) the 

 Foxhall flints of Ipswich, are placed in the Upper Pliocene, 

 while (3) the giant flints of Cromer are considered of Lower 

 Pleistocene age. 



Supposedly associated with the Foxhall flints was found a 

 human jaw which unfortunately cannot now be located. If 

 it could be found and the certainty of association determined, 

 it would far antedate both that of Piltdown and of Heidelberg. 

 The figure which Osborn published of this jaw, from the 

 original by Collyer in 1867, is remarkable in that it is the jaw 

 of H. sapiens, if correctly drawn, and not primitive at all! 

 But this is exactly what Keith's arguments would lead us to 

 expect. With the apparent insufficiency of evidence, however, 

 judgment as to the antiquity of our own species should be for 

 the present withheld. 



SUMMARY 



The recorded physical changes in prehistoric man are: 



Increasing cranial capacity, with perfection of the brain, 

 especially in that portion which is concerned with the higher 

 intellectual faculties and with speech. 



Change in skull conformation, heightening forehead, and 

 lessening brow-ridges. 



Reduction of jaw power and of dental arch, which results 

 in the formation of the chin prominence. 



Changes in the teeth, such as reduction of canines and loss 

 of diastemata. 



Stature increasing and becoming more erect, although the 

 earliest known hominid, Pithecanthropus, was fully upright, 

 pointing to great antiquity for this characteristic. 



