54 ORIGIN OF LO WEST ORGANISMS. 



the inoculated fluid was then allowed to dip into a 

 beaker holding water at I22F., in which a thermometer 

 was immersed. The temperature of the fluid was main- 

 tained at this point for fifteen minutes,* by means of a 

 spirit lamp beneath the beaker. The air was then 

 exhausted from the flask by means of the pump, till 

 the fluid began to boil ; ebullition was allowed to con- 

 tinue for a minute or two, so as to expel as much air 

 as possible from the flask, and then, during its continu- 

 ance, the narrowed neck of the flask was hermetically 

 sealed by means of a spirit-lamp flame and a blow- 

 pipe. Other flasks were similarly prepared, except 

 that they were exposed to successively higher degrees 

 of heat the fluid being boiled off, in different cases, 

 at temperatures of 131, 140,, 149, 158, and 167 F. 

 All the flasks being similarly inoculated with living 

 Bacteria, Vibriones, and Torulce, and similarly sealed 

 during ebullition, they differed from one another only 

 in respect to the degree of heat to which they had 

 been submitted. Their bulbs were subsequently placed 

 in a water bath, which during both day and night was 

 maintained at a temperature of from 85 to 95 F. 

 The results have been as follows : The flasks whose 

 contents had been heated to 122 and 131 F. re- 

 spectively, began to exhibit a bluish tinge in the 

 contained fluid after the first or second day ; and 



* Allowing even five minutes for the temperature of the i oz. 

 of fluid to become equal to that of the bath, it would then have 

 remained exposed to this amount of heat for about ten minutes. 



