THE BOTANISTS OF PHILADELPHIA. 389 



apprenticed to Dr. Lowe, and during the five years of 

 apprenticeship was a student of the Philadelphia College 

 of Pharmacy, graduating with the class of '89. Up to this 

 time the field of medicine was his ambition ; but the work 

 of the senior year, while he was engaged on a thesis on the 

 "Microscopical and Chemical Study of White Oak Bark," 

 caused him to turn his energies in a pharmacognostical 

 direction. The result of this thesis brought him the John 

 M. Maisch microscope prize, as well as the Henry C. Lea 

 prize of one hundred dollars for the best thesis of the class. 

 For a short time he was an assistant to Professor S. P. Sadtler 

 at the University of Pennsylvania, and was called from this 

 position in 1890 as an Instructor in Pharmacognosy, etc., to 

 the College of Pharmacy of the City of New York. Here 

 he labored for two years, but in the meantime became con- 

 vinced that he needed further preparation for the work he 

 wished to do ; so, in the second year, he began a course of 

 study at the School of Mines of Columbia University. In 

 1895 he completed this course and was awarded the degree 

 of Bachelor of Philosophy. 



In April, 1895, he became Professor of Botany, 

 Pharmacognosy and Materia Medica at the School of 

 Pharmacy of the Northwestern University, with the 

 privilege of spending a year abroad. During this year, an 

 " arbeit " was undertaken and finished, with the approval of 

 the Faculty of the University of Marburg. This, with the 

 successful passing of the required examination, brought 

 him his degree of Doctor of Philosophy.* In 1897 Dr. 

 Kraemer was elected Professor of Botany in the Phila- 

 delphia College of Pharmacy, to fill the vacancy caused by 

 the death of Professor Bastin. 



* Philadelphia Ledger, May 8, 1897, with portrait. 



