lit Till-: I50TANISTS (r l'I I I I. A I . V. MM 1 1 A. 



day, who. it' he had had proper encouragement, would have 

 been one of the shining light- in tin- hotaiiiral firmament, 

 contributed several botanical papers to the Journal of tite 

 Academy of Natural Sciences, namely, descriptions of Heer- 

 inauirs and of 1'ratteii's collections.* 



The views of European botanists were undergoing a 

 change under the influence of the history of development 

 and knowledge of the minuter anatomy and embryology of 

 the cryptogams ( hs40-lsi;0). Schleiden's " Grundziige der 

 wissenschaftlichen Botanik " f appeared, but its chief title is 

 Die Botanik als inductive Wissenschaft, which indicates the 

 point on which Schleiden laid most stress. His great object 

 was to place the study, which had been so disfigured in the 

 text-books, on the same footing with physics and chemistry, 

 in which the spirit of genuine inductive enquiry into nature 

 had already asserted itself in opposition to the nature- 

 philosophy of the immediately preceding years. This 

 change in European thought does not seem to have had 

 much effect on the botanists of Philadelphia, who were busy 

 in working up the plants collected in various parts of North 

 America, both by private individuals and by the botanists 

 of the trans-continental surveys. 



/ 



(4) The year ISC.O may be said to mark the beginning of 

 the modern era of botany. Darwin's Origin of Specie-.: 



* PLANT.K HKI.KMANXIAN.E Descriptions of Xcw Plants cnl/i-i-lni in 

 Calif nr/iiii, !>!/ l>r. A. T. Hn iiiin/i/i, Naturalist attarhed to the Survey ul' tin- 1'acilic 

 Kailroail nnite. under Unit. K. S. Williamson, by E. Durnml and Theo. C. Hiliranl. 

 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. -lid srr.. III. ",7- lii. 



Si iii.KiiiK.N GruiKlzilge der wissenschaftlichen Hn/ani/:. n< /nt <//// 

 ii EinlvituiKj a/* .liili-Hung zunt Htntliiiin <lcr 1'Jlnnr.c. Li>i)i/i. 

 2Theile. 



IM.VIi'i Seeniic] edition. (Die r.ntanik. als iinluetive Wi<>eii>eliart l>ehalidelt.) 



; is.'i'.i. I)AI:\\ IN (hi the urii/i/i <>( xjn'i-ii-x In/ mi-tins of natural xrh i-linn : or, 

 tin- /iri-Ki -i-i-it/ioti of f'tvvred races in tlic strinjijli Jr /iff. London. John Murray 

 ortavo ]>]i. ix., .Ml 1 .'. 



