﻿224 
  ANIMAL 
  BEHAVIOUR 
  

  

  for 
  higher 
  issues 
  by 
  a 
  structural 
  organisation 
  (badly 
  called 
  

   mechanisation) 
  of 
  capacities 
  for 
  effective 
  behaviour. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  man 
  there 
  is 
  evidence 
  of 
  rational 
  conduct 
  on 
  a 
  

   higher 
  level 
  than 
  intelligent 
  behaviour. 
  It 
  implies 
  conceptual 
  as 
  

   distinguished 
  from 
  perceptual 
  inference, 
  and 
  is 
  controlled 
  in 
  ref- 
  

   erence 
  to 
  general 
  ideas, 
  ' 
  values/ 
  or 
  conscious 
  purpose. 
  

  

  Four 
  general 
  impressions 
  stand 
  out: 
  (1) 
  The 
  extraordinary 
  

   variety 
  of 
  ways 
  in 
  which 
  living 
  creatures 
  express 
  themselves, 
  assert 
  

   themselves, 
  and 
  bend 
  the 
  Titan 
  of 
  the 
  inorganic 
  to 
  their 
  endeavour. 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  pervasiveness 
  of 
  mentality 
  at 
  all 
  levels 
  of 
  organisation. 
  

  

  (3) 
  The 
  growing 
  scope 
  of 
  spontaneity 
  and 
  individuality 
  as 
  we 
  

   ascend 
  the 
  series. 
  (4) 
  A 
  gradual 
  emancipation 
  of 
  the 
  organism 
  from 
  

   environmental 
  coercion. 
  

  

  