﻿THE 
  PROBLEM 
  OF 
  BODY 
  AND 
  MIND 
  231 
  

  

  ico-physical 
  description 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  given 
  of 
  any 
  distinc- 
  

   tively 
  vital 
  process. 
  A 
  new 
  aspect 
  of 
  reality 
  wells 
  up 
  within 
  

   organisms, 
  which 
  are 
  material 
  systems 
  none 
  the 
  less, 
  and 
  

   we 
  require 
  new 
  concepts 
  for 
  its 
  description. 
  Even 
  in 
  their 
  

   simplest 
  forms 
  organisms 
  are 
  integrated 
  systems, 
  capable 
  

   of 
  unified 
  regulatory 
  action 
  and 
  of 
  registering 
  experiences. 
  

   But 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  mechanical 
  description 
  has 
  its 
  limitations, 
  

   so 
  is 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  biological. 
  In 
  our 
  study 
  of 
  Animal 
  Be- 
  

   haviour 
  we 
  have 
  seen 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  gradual 
  disclosure 
  

   of 
  another 
  aspect 
  of 
  reality 
  which 
  transcends 
  the 
  biological. 
  

   Mentality 
  wells 
  up 
  from 
  the 
  spring. 
  It 
  appears 
  at 
  first 
  in 
  

   traces 
  only, 
  so 
  that 
  we 
  are 
  not 
  quite 
  sure 
  whether 
  it 
  is 
  there 
  

   or 
  not, 
  just 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  easy 
  to 
  be 
  sure 
  whether 
  a 
  

   calcareous 
  Alga, 
  or 
  a 
  dormant 
  chrysalis, 
  or 
  a 
  hibernating 
  

   snail 
  is 
  living 
  or 
  not. 
  But 
  by 
  and 
  by 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  copious 
  

   flow, 
  and 
  we 
  have 
  no 
  hesitation 
  in 
  saying 
  that 
  the 
  rook 
  or 
  

   the 
  parrot, 
  the 
  dog 
  or 
  the 
  elephant, 
  has 
  a 
  mind 
  of 
  its 
  own. 
  

   The 
  student 
  of 
  science 
  is 
  organically 
  more 
  interested 
  in 
  es- 
  

   tablishing 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  living 
  things 
  requires 
  

   concepts 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  needed 
  in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  heavenly 
  

   bodies, 
  than 
  in 
  a 
  discussion 
  of 
  what, 
  in 
  principle, 
  is 
  meant 
  

   by 
  Life. 
  Similarly 
  he 
  is 
  more 
  interested 
  in 
  establishing 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  animal 
  behaviour 
  and 
  not 
  in 
  its 
  

   higher 
  reaches 
  only 
  requires 
  concepts 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  needed 
  

   in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  everyday 
  functions 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  than 
  

   in 
  a 
  discussion 
  of 
  what 
  we 
  mean 
  by 
  Mind. 
  But 
  we 
  cannot 
  

   be 
  satisfied 
  without 
  at 
  least 
  facing 
  the 
  old 
  problem 
  of 
  the 
  

   relation 
  between 
  body 
  and 
  mind. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  reality 
  a 
  meta- 
  

   physical 
  question, 
  but 
  the 
  metaphysical 
  interpretation 
  must 
  

   be 
  consistent 
  with 
  what 
  we 
  know 
  of 
  the 
  facts, 
  and 
  we 
  shall 
  

   begin 
  by 
  stating 
  what 
  must 
  be 
  recognised 
  from 
  the 
  bio- 
  

   logical 
  side. 
  

  

  