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  THE 
  PROBLEM 
  OF 
  BODY 
  AND 
  MIND 
  

  

  that 
  the 
  vital 
  activities 
  of 
  the 
  organism, 
  considered 
  apart 
  

   from 
  its 
  psychical 
  activities, 
  are 
  not 
  susceptible 
  of 
  satisfac- 
  

   tory 
  mechanical 
  description. 
  When 
  we 
  have 
  abandoned 
  a 
  

   mechanistic 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  organism, 
  we 
  have 
  made 
  a 
  step 
  of 
  

   importance 
  towards 
  understanding 
  what 
  Professor 
  Ward 
  calls 
  

   the 
  internal 
  or 
  inter-subjective 
  relation 
  that 
  the 
  subject 
  bears 
  

   to 
  its 
  organism. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  often 
  said 
  that 
  animism 
  involves 
  a 
  breach 
  with 
  the 
  

   principle 
  of 
  the 
  conservation 
  of 
  energy. 
  If 
  mind 
  really 
  

   counts, 
  it 
  is 
  argued, 
  work 
  is 
  done 
  which 
  the 
  antecedent 
  

   energy-conditions 
  do 
  not 
  fully 
  account 
  for. 
  If 
  the 
  mind 
  acts 
  

   on 
  the 
  brain 
  in 
  a 
  way 
  that 
  tells, 
  then 
  some 
  energy 
  disappears 
  

   from 
  the 
  books, 
  for 
  the 
  mind 
  is 
  outside 
  the 
  sphere 
  of 
  energy- 
  

   transformations. 
  But 
  to 
  suppose 
  that 
  the 
  mind 
  acts 
  on 
  the 
  

   material 
  system 
  without 
  expending 
  energy 
  is, 
  the 
  critics 
  of 
  

   animism 
  continue, 
  to 
  forsake 
  scientific 
  procedure, 
  for 
  the 
  

   law 
  of 
  the 
  conservation 
  of 
  energy 
  cannot 
  be 
  broken. 
  

  

  Now 
  we 
  are 
  not 
  concerned 
  in 
  the 
  defence 
  of 
  animism, 
  

   hut 
  this 
  criticism 
  is 
  not 
  one 
  that 
  commends 
  itself 
  to 
  us. 
  

   The 
  doctrine 
  of 
  the 
  conservation 
  of 
  energy 
  includes 
  two 
  

   propositions. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  place, 
  it 
  suggests 
  that 
  the 
  total 
  

   amount 
  of 
  energy 
  in 
  the 
  universe 
  is 
  a 
  constant, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  

   rather 
  a 
  pious 
  opinion 
  than 
  an 
  established 
  fact. 
  The 
  less 
  

   we 
  say 
  regarding 
  the 
  universality 
  of 
  the 
  conservation 
  of 
  

   energy 
  the 
  better, 
  for 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  know. 
  But 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  

   place 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  regulative 
  principle, 
  based 
  on 
  experimental 
  

   evidence, 
  which 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  any 
  closed 
  physical 
  system 
  

   at 
  work 
  the 
  energy 
  expended 
  in 
  one 
  way 
  must 
  be 
  gained 
  in 
  

   another. 
  The 
  organism 
  and 
  its 
  environment 
  are 
  comparable 
  

   to 
  the 
  change-office 
  outside 
  an 
  exhibition 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  ceaseless 
  

   transformations, 
  but 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  cash 
  is 
  not 
  only 
  the 
  same 
  

   in 
  the 
  evening 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  morning, 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  all 
  through 
  

  

  