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  THE 
  PROBLEM 
  OF 
  BODY 
  AND 
  MIND 
  

  

  But 
  the 
  continuity 
  argument 
  presses 
  us 
  further. 
  Since 
  it 
  

   seems 
  very 
  likely 
  that 
  organisms 
  arose 
  upon 
  this 
  earth 
  from 
  

   not-living 
  materials, 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  at 
  present 
  obscure, 
  are 
  we 
  

   to 
  suppose 
  that 
  consciousness 
  somehow 
  entered 
  ab 
  extra 
  into 
  

   the 
  early 
  organisms 
  when 
  they 
  were 
  as 
  yet 
  only 
  beginning; 
  

   or 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  interpolated 
  later 
  when 
  they 
  attained 
  to 
  some 
  

   degree 
  of 
  complexity; 
  or 
  that 
  the 
  analogue 
  of 
  consciousness, 
  

   which 
  some 
  have 
  called 
  infra-consciousness, 
  was 
  present 
  even 
  

   in 
  the 
  domain 
  of 
  the 
  inorganic 
  ? 
  The 
  desire 
  for 
  continuity 
  

   impels 
  us 
  to 
  the 
  speculation 
  that 
  even 
  the 
  inorganic 
  raw 
  

   materials 
  were 
  psycho-physical. 
  For 
  in 
  no 
  case 
  can 
  we 
  

   think 
  of 
  consciousness 
  arising 
  out 
  of 
  motion, 
  any 
  more 
  than 
  

   we 
  can 
  think 
  of 
  atoms 
  uniting 
  for 
  love. 
  

  

  There 
  has 
  been 
  great 
  progress 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  evolution, 
  

   but 
  on 
  the 
  identity 
  hypothesis 
  we 
  think 
  rather 
  of 
  potencies 
  

   being 
  raised 
  to 
  higher 
  powers 
  than 
  of 
  the 
  interpolation 
  of 
  

   new 
  faculties. 
  Instead 
  of 
  insinuating 
  a 
  principle 
  of 
  life 
  

   ab 
  extra 
  when 
  a 
  suitable 
  mixture 
  of 
  proteins 
  had 
  been 
  some- 
  

   how 
  synthesised, 
  we 
  suppose 
  that 
  a 
  synthetic 
  advance 
  of 
  

   materials, 
  which 
  were 
  ever 
  more 
  than 
  motions, 
  made 
  be- 
  

   haviour 
  possible. 
  Instead 
  of 
  insinuating 
  mind 
  ab 
  extra 
  

   when 
  the 
  organism 
  became 
  complex 
  enough, 
  we 
  suppose 
  that 
  

   the 
  progressive 
  differentiation 
  and 
  integration 
  of 
  what 
  was 
  

   from 
  the 
  outset 
  a 
  psycho-physical 
  being, 
  by 
  and 
  by 
  disclosed 
  

   another 
  aspect 
  of 
  its 
  inherent 
  reality, 
  and 
  experimenting 
  

   with 
  ideas 
  became 
  possible. 
  And 
  similarly 
  with 
  man's 
  

   rational 
  discourse 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  amazing 
  phenomena 
  of 
  

   human 
  society. 
  

  

  Biological 
  monism 
  has 
  been 
  characterised 
  as 
  a 
  relapse 
  to 
  

   the 
  old 
  and 
  crude 
  metaphysics 
  of 
  hylozoism. 
  Perhaps 
  it 
  is 
  

   nearer 
  the 
  hylopsychism 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  Realists. 
  " 
  By 
  

   hylopsychism 
  I 
  mean 
  the 
  theory 
  that 
  The 
  potentiality 
  

  

  