﻿THE 
  ISSUES 
  OF 
  LIFE 
  309 
  

  

  of 
  heredity 
  will 
  not 
  be 
  controlled 
  and 
  guided 
  by 
  natural 
  

   selection. 
  Man 
  will 
  stagnate' 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  24). 
  Thus 
  

   imperialism 
  and 
  militarism 
  find 
  theoretical 
  justification, 
  

   even 
  from 
  one 
  who 
  is 
  quite 
  clear 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  safety 
  of 
  a 
  

   gregarious 
  animal 
  and 
  man 
  is 
  essentially 
  such 
  depends 
  

   upon 
  the 
  intensity 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  social 
  instinct 
  has 
  been 
  

   developed 
  ". 
  " 
  The 
  stability 
  of 
  a 
  race 
  depends 
  entirely 
  on 
  

   the 
  extent 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  social 
  feelings 
  have 
  got 
  a 
  real 
  hold 
  

   on 
  it" 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  47). 
  

  

  We 
  need 
  not 
  raise 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  wisdom 
  of 
  appeal- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  Nature 
  for 
  ethical 
  guidance, 
  nor 
  dwell 
  on 
  the 
  danger 
  

   involved 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  Darwinian 
  concept 
  of 
  struggle 
  

   arose 
  historically 
  from 
  a 
  consideration 
  of 
  human 
  problems; 
  

   there 
  are 
  more 
  important 
  things 
  to 
  say. 
  First, 
  as 
  we 
  have 
  

   seen, 
  internecine 
  competition 
  among 
  near 
  kin 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  

   mode 
  of 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence. 
  Especially 
  among 
  the 
  

   finer 
  forms 
  of 
  life 
  do 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  the 
  answer-back 
  which 
  

   is 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  environing 
  limitations 
  is 
  less 
  and 
  less 
  fre- 
  

   quently 
  an 
  intensification 
  of 
  competition, 
  is 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  

   frequently 
  something 
  subtler, 
  some 
  modification 
  of 
  parental 
  

   sacrifice, 
  some 
  co-operative 
  device, 
  some 
  experiment 
  in 
  so- 
  

   ciality. 
  Dr. 
  Chalmers 
  Mitchell 
  goes 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  saying 
  

   (too 
  strongly, 
  we 
  think) 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence 
  

   as 
  propounded 
  by 
  Charles 
  Darwin, 
  and 
  as 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  fol- 
  

   lowed 
  in 
  Nature, 
  has 
  no 
  resemblance 
  with 
  human 
  warfare 
  ' 
  

   (1915, 
  p. 
  108). 
  And 
  again, 
  as 
  entirely 
  independent 
  con- 
  

   firmation 
  of 
  what 
  we 
  have 
  maintained 
  in 
  Darwinism 
  and 
  

   Human 
  Life 
  (1909) 
  and 
  elsewhere, 
  we 
  may 
  quote 
  this 
  in- 
  

   teresting 
  passage 
  : 
  " 
  Looking 
  through 
  the 
  Animal 
  Kingdom 
  

   as 
  a 
  whole, 
  and 
  remembering 
  that 
  the 
  Vegetable 
  Kingdom 
  is 
  

   as 
  much 
  subject 
  and 
  responsive 
  to 
  whatsoever 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  

   law 
  of 
  organic 
  evolution, 
  I 
  find 
  no 
  grounds 
  for 
  interpreting 
  

  

  