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  THE 
  ISSUES 
  OF 
  LIFE 
  

  

  hunting 
  and 
  being 
  hunted, 
  much 
  devouring 
  and 
  being 
  de- 
  

   voured, 
  that 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  picture. 
  

  

  Outside 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence 
  in 
  the 
  strict 
  sense 
  there 
  

   is 
  undeniably 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  established 
  self-preservative 
  

   routine, 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  at 
  least 
  an 
  equally 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  

   established 
  race-preservative 
  routine. 
  Our 
  total 
  impression 
  

   must 
  do 
  justice 
  to 
  both 
  sets 
  of 
  facts. 
  And 
  within 
  the 
  bounds 
  

   of 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence 
  in 
  the 
  strict 
  sense 
  there 
  are 
  

   many 
  modes, 
  some 
  not 
  strictly 
  competitive 
  at 
  all. 
  The 
  

   struggle 
  which 
  Nietzsche 
  saw 
  in 
  Nature 
  and 
  condescended 
  

   to 
  approve 
  of, 
  was 
  not 
  a 
  scramble 
  of 
  starvelings 
  around 
  the 
  

   platter 
  of 
  subsistence, 
  but 
  the 
  elbowing 
  and 
  jostling 
  of 
  

   masterful 
  individualities; 
  and 
  we 
  maintain 
  that 
  much 
  of 
  

   this 
  quality 
  of 
  insurgence 
  is 
  familiar 
  to 
  the 
  field 
  naturalist. 
  

   But 
  apart 
  from 
  elbowing 
  and 
  jostling, 
  and 
  apart 
  from 
  in- 
  

   ternecine 
  competition 
  and 
  sanguinary 
  combats, 
  there 
  is 
  much 
  

   of 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence 
  which 
  might 
  often 
  be 
  quite 
  

   accurately 
  called 
  the 
  endeavour 
  after 
  well-being, 
  and 
  much, 
  

   as 
  Darwin 
  emphasised, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  described 
  as 
  self-sub- 
  

   ordinating 
  experiment 
  and 
  effort 
  to 
  secure 
  the 
  success 
  of 
  

   the 
  offspring. 
  

  

  SUMMARY. 
  

  

  Some 
  students 
  of 
  the 
  tactics 
  of 
  Animate 
  Nature 
  have 
  discerned 
  in 
  

   them 
  little 
  to 
  admire 
  and 
  less 
  to 
  imitate. 
  Huxley 
  and 
  James 
  are 
  

   here 
  in 
  agreement. 
  Others, 
  such 
  as 
  Geddes 
  and 
  Kropotkin, 
  have 
  

   discerned 
  a 
  materialised 
  ethical 
  process. 
  The 
  discrepancy 
  is 
  partly 
  

   due 
  to 
  focussing 
  attention 
  now 
  on 
  * 
  hunger 
  ' 
  and 
  again 
  on 
  ' 
  love 
  ', 
  

   now 
  on 
  ' 
  egoistic 
  ' 
  and 
  again 
  on 
  ' 
  altruistic 
  ' 
  activities, 
  now 
  on 
  self- 
  

   preservation 
  and 
  self-increase 
  and 
  again 
  on 
  race-continuance 
  and 
  

   eugenic 
  success. 
  Both 
  sets 
  of 
  facts 
  must 
  be 
  kept 
  in 
  view. 
  

  

  The 
  twofold 
  business 
  of 
  living 
  creatures 
  is 
  caring 
  for 
  self 
  and 
  

   caring 
  for 
  others. 
  Hunger 
  and 
  love, 
  in 
  the 
  widest 
  sense, 
  form 
  the 
  

   subject 
  and 
  the 
  counter-subject 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  fugue 
  of 
  life. 
  In 
  satis- 
  

   fying 
  these 
  imperious 
  primal 
  impulses 
  the 
  organism 
  encounters 
  

  

  