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  THE 
  ISSUES 
  OF 
  LIFE 
  

  

  securely 
  established 
  ways, 
  to 
  see 
  how 
  large 
  a 
  proportion 
  of 
  th*> 
  

   energy 
  and 
  time 
  at 
  the 
  disposal 
  of 
  living 
  creatures 
  is 
  spent 
  in 
  activi- 
  

   ties 
  which 
  make 
  not 
  for 
  self 
  -increase, 
  self 
  -stability, 
  or 
  self-preserva- 
  

   tion, 
  but 
  for 
  the 
  welfare 
  of 
  the 
  family, 
  the 
  kin, 
  and 
  the 
  species. 
  

   Neither 
  naturalists 
  nor 
  philosophers 
  have 
  adequately 
  realised 
  the 
  

   extent 
  to 
  which 
  there 
  is 
  throughout 
  Animate 
  Nature 
  a 
  subordination 
  

   of 
  the 
  individual 
  to 
  the 
  species. 
  Survival 
  is 
  often 
  the 
  reward 
  of 
  the 
  

   individualistic 
  competitor, 
  but 
  not 
  less 
  frequently 
  of 
  those 
  with 
  a 
  

   capacity 
  for 
  self-forgetfulness. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  little 
  in 
  common 
  between 
  the 
  Darwinian 
  struggle 
  for 
  

   existence 
  and 
  human 
  warfare. 
  Modern 
  nationalities 
  are 
  not 
  com- 
  

   parable 
  to 
  individual 
  organisms. 
  Even 
  if 
  the 
  analogy 
  were 
  closer 
  

   it 
  would 
  afford 
  no 
  biological 
  justification 
  for 
  war, 
  for 
  natural 
  selec- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence 
  results 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  survival 
  of 
  the 
  

   relatively 
  more 
  fit 
  to 
  given 
  conditions. 
  

  

  