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  ADAPTIVENESS 
  AND 
  PURPOSIVENESS 
  

  

  we 
  may 
  abandon 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  either 
  philosophy 
  or 
  

   science. 
  Our 
  life 
  is 
  at 
  its 
  highest 
  efficiency 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  

   most 
  dominated 
  by 
  purpose, 
  when 
  there 
  is 
  least 
  of 
  " 
  the 
  unlit 
  

   lamp 
  and 
  the 
  urigirt 
  loin 
  ". 
  

  

  At 
  a 
  slightly 
  lower 
  level, 
  however, 
  we 
  recognise 
  analogous 
  

   facts. 
  We 
  prepare 
  for 
  months 
  to 
  build 
  a 
  rockery 
  in 
  our 
  

   garden, 
  collecting 
  stones 
  and 
  tree-roots 
  and 
  such 
  like 
  in 
  

   a 
  way 
  that 
  perplexes 
  our 
  next-door 
  neighbour, 
  who 
  is 
  not 
  

   in 
  the 
  secret, 
  who 
  shakes 
  his 
  head 
  at 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  purpose 
  

   in 
  our 
  behaviour. 
  But 
  all 
  that 
  we 
  do 
  is 
  actuated 
  by 
  a 
  pur- 
  

   pose, 
  so 
  simple 
  that 
  we 
  may 
  call 
  it 
  perceptual, 
  to 
  form 
  in 
  

   the 
  outer 
  world 
  an 
  actual 
  counterpart 
  of 
  a 
  pleasing 
  picture 
  

   which 
  had 
  formed 
  itself, 
  as 
  we 
  say, 
  in 
  our 
  mind. 
  If 
  this 
  

   perceived 
  purpose 
  is 
  not 
  real, 
  nothing 
  is 
  real. 
  A 
  mental 
  

   anticipation 
  with 
  its 
  associated 
  desire 
  determines 
  our 
  be- 
  

   haviour. 
  

  

  We 
  feel 
  no 
  difficulty 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  curious 
  can 
  

   give, 
  if 
  he 
  will, 
  a 
  tolerably 
  complete 
  physiological 
  account 
  

   of 
  our 
  various 
  activities 
  in 
  making 
  the 
  rockery 
  the 
  collect- 
  

   ing, 
  the 
  carrying, 
  the 
  digging, 
  and 
  the 
  building. 
  For 
  we 
  

   know 
  that 
  however 
  complete 
  such 
  an 
  account 
  may 
  be 
  either 
  

   at 
  the 
  chemico-physical 
  level, 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  physiological 
  level, 
  

   it 
  never 
  comes 
  near 
  being 
  a 
  complete 
  scientific 
  account 
  until 
  

   it 
  recognises 
  the 
  end 
  which 
  serves 
  " 
  as 
  a 
  point 
  of 
  connection 
  

   for 
  a 
  plurality 
  of 
  causes 
  ", 
  something 
  which 
  cannot 
  be 
  

   measured 
  or 
  weighed 
  the 
  vision 
  of 
  the 
  rockery 
  as 
  desira- 
  

   ble. 
  Not 
  only 
  may 
  a 
  teleological 
  interpretation 
  be 
  put 
  

   upon 
  our 
  behaviour; 
  it 
  musi 
  be 
  put 
  upon 
  it, 
  if 
  we 
  are 
  to 
  

   give 
  a 
  scientific 
  description. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  many 
  difficulties 
  in 
  our 
  way 
  when 
  we 
  begin 
  

   to 
  draw 
  conclusions 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  purposes 
  of 
  others, 
  but 
  there 
  

   is 
  certainty 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  our 
  own. 
  We 
  have 
  direct 
  experi- 
  

  

  