﻿ADAPTIVENESS 
  AND 
  PURPOSIVENESS 
  339 
  

  

  parture 
  (as 
  some 
  would 
  say) 
  which 
  was 
  hereditarily 
  added 
  

   on 
  to 
  the 
  instinctive 
  patrimony 
  of 
  the 
  race, 
  or 
  arose 
  as 
  a 
  

   germinal 
  mutation 
  (as 
  we 
  would 
  say) 
  which 
  was 
  intelligently 
  

   tested 
  and 
  approved 
  of 
  in 
  the 
  individual 
  lifetime, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  

   far-fetched 
  to 
  suppose 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  justified 
  to 
  the 
  individual 
  

   in 
  some 
  measure 
  of 
  satisfaction. 
  The 
  mothers 
  saw 
  their 
  

   children, 
  which 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  they 
  do 
  now. 
  

  

  The 
  difficulty 
  is 
  to 
  understand 
  the 
  present-day 
  implicit 
  

   obedience 
  to 
  the 
  voice 
  of 
  the 
  distant 
  past, 
  to 
  see 
  how 
  an 
  

   elaborate 
  piece 
  of 
  instinctive 
  routine 
  which 
  does 
  not 
  justify 
  

   itself 
  to 
  its 
  possessor 
  can 
  retain 
  its 
  imperious 
  inertia 
  through 
  

   the 
  ages. 
  Probably 
  some 
  sop 
  unknown 
  to 
  us 
  is 
  given 
  to 
  

   the 
  individual's 
  interests 
  and 
  satisfactions. 
  It 
  may 
  be, 
  for 
  

   instance, 
  that 
  parental 
  instincts 
  have 
  become 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  

   linked 
  on 
  to 
  conjugal 
  instincts, 
  reverberations 
  of 
  which 
  

   continue 
  to 
  give 
  meaning 
  and 
  interest 
  to 
  parental 
  care 
  whose 
  

   reward 
  is 
  nowadays 
  never 
  experienced. 
  But 
  the 
  problem 
  

   of 
  making 
  for 
  an 
  unseen 
  goal 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  difficult 
  one. 
  

  

  Since 
  this 
  was 
  written 
  our 
  suggestion 
  of 
  an 
  individual 
  

   ' 
  sop 
  ' 
  has 
  been 
  strikingly 
  confirmed 
  by 
  the 
  observations 
  of 
  

   Roubaud 
  and 
  of 
  Wheeler. 
  For 
  certain 
  tropical 
  wasps 
  

   Roubaud 
  has 
  shown 
  that 
  the 
  queens 
  and 
  workers 
  receive 
  from 
  

   the 
  grubs, 
  which 
  they 
  assiduously 
  tend 
  and 
  feed, 
  small 
  quan- 
  

   tities 
  of 
  a 
  secreted 
  elixir 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  extraordinarily 
  

   fond. 
  For 
  certain 
  kinds 
  of 
  ants 
  Wheeler 
  has 
  shown 
  that 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  similar 
  give 
  and 
  take 
  (trophallaxis) 
  between 
  the 
  

   workers 
  and 
  the 
  grubs. 
  The 
  workers 
  feed 
  the 
  grubs 
  with 
  

   chewed 
  flesh, 
  but 
  they 
  receive 
  from 
  their 
  charges 
  a 
  douceur 
  of 
  

   secretion 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  keep 
  them 
  in 
  good 
  heart. 
  

  

  But 
  we 
  cannot 
  draw 
  a 
  line 
  at 
  instinctive 
  creatures 
  like 
  

   ants 
  and 
  bees, 
  where 
  the 
  complexity 
  of 
  the 
  brain 
  gives 
  us 
  

   some 
  warrant 
  for 
  postulating 
  ideational 
  processes. 
  There 
  

  

  