﻿ANIMAL 
  BEHAVIOUR 
  201 
  

  

  one. 
  The 
  capacity 
  is 
  often 
  very 
  markedly 
  sex-linked, 
  the 
  

   one 
  sex 
  doing 
  with 
  perfect 
  finish 
  what 
  the 
  other 
  does 
  not 
  do 
  at 
  

   all; 
  thus 
  the 
  drones 
  of 
  the 
  bee-hive 
  take 
  no 
  part 
  in 
  comb- 
  

   making. 
  One 
  must 
  not, 
  of 
  course, 
  suppose 
  that 
  instinctive 
  

   capacities 
  are 
  not 
  variable; 
  the 
  point 
  is 
  rather 
  that 
  instinc- 
  

   tive 
  equipment 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  uniform 
  than 
  intellectual 
  en- 
  

   dowment. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  admitted 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  individuality 
  

   of 
  intelligence 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  intelligence 
  is 
  as 
  much 
  

   made 
  as 
  born, 
  which 
  brings 
  us 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  contrast 
  that 
  

   instinctive 
  capacity 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  inborn 
  than 
  made. 
  

  

  (4) 
  Instinctive 
  behaviour 
  is 
  always 
  adaptive 
  to 
  the 
  nor- 
  

   mal 
  conditions 
  of 
  the 
  animal's 
  life, 
  though 
  it 
  may 
  prove 
  in- 
  

   effective 
  or 
  misleading 
  in 
  face 
  of 
  peculiar 
  exigencies. 
  It 
  

   has 
  to 
  do 
  with 
  particular 
  events 
  and 
  circumstances, 
  particular 
  

   stimuli 
  and 
  configurations, 
  which 
  frequently 
  recur, 
  or, 
  if 
  not, 
  

   are 
  of 
  vital 
  moment 
  (as 
  in 
  the 
  escape 
  from 
  the 
  imprisoning 
  

   egg-shell) 
  ; 
  and 
  a 
  slight 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  conditions 
  is 
  likely 
  

   to 
  result 
  in 
  extraordinary 
  nonplussing. 
  

  

  A 
  study 
  of 
  these 
  limitations 
  tends 
  to 
  impress 
  us 
  with 
  the 
  

   difference 
  between 
  purely 
  instinctive 
  behaviour, 
  and 
  that 
  

   experimental, 
  inferential, 
  or 
  reflective 
  kind 
  of 
  behaviour 
  

   which 
  we 
  call 
  intelligent. 
  Let 
  us 
  illustrate. 
  

  

  The 
  veteran 
  French 
  naturalist 
  Fabre, 
  who 
  died 
  in 
  1915 
  

   at 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  ninety-two, 
  relates 
  that 
  he 
  induced 
  a 
  long 
  file 
  

   of 
  procession 
  caterpillars 
  to 
  move 
  round 
  the 
  circular 
  parapet 
  

   of 
  a 
  fountain, 
  and 
  by 
  making 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  leader 
  touch 
  

   the 
  tail 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  member 
  formed 
  a 
  living 
  circle 
  which 
  

   continued 
  for 
  days 
  circumambulating 
  futilely. 
  " 
  They 
  knew 
  

   nothing 
  about 
  anything." 
  The 
  grub 
  of 
  the 
  mason-bee 
  is 
  

   hatched 
  in 
  a 
  mortar-cradle 
  with 
  a 
  lid 
  through 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  

   to 
  cut 
  its 
  way. 
  This 
  it 
  does 
  without 
  difficulty. 
  If 
  the 
  

   lid 
  be 
  artificially 
  thickened 
  by 
  gluing 
  on 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  stout 
  

  

  