﻿202 
  ANIMAL 
  BEHAVIOUR 
  

  

  paper, 
  this 
  makes 
  no 
  difference 
  to 
  the 
  success 
  of 
  the 
  boring. 
  

   But 
  if 
  a 
  little 
  empty 
  paper 
  box 
  be 
  placed 
  over 
  the 
  lid 
  the 
  

   grub 
  emerges 
  into 
  this, 
  and 
  having 
  completed 
  the 
  boring 
  

   part 
  of 
  its 
  inborn 
  routine 
  cannot 
  recommence 
  it, 
  and 
  dies 
  

   in 
  its 
  paper 
  prison. 
  Limitations 
  of 
  this 
  sort 
  are 
  quite 
  char- 
  

   acteristic 
  of 
  purely 
  instinctive 
  behaviour 
  and 
  seem 
  to 
  remove 
  

   it 
  far 
  from 
  intelligence. 
  

  

  But 
  the 
  rigidity 
  of 
  instinctive 
  routine 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  exag- 
  

   gerated. 
  Professor 
  and 
  Mrs. 
  Peckham 
  have 
  made 
  a 
  careful 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  instincts 
  of 
  wasps, 
  both 
  solitary 
  and 
  social. 
  

   Several 
  of 
  the 
  solitary 
  forms 
  go 
  through 
  the 
  same 
  general 
  

   routine, 
  but 
  with 
  interesting 
  generic, 
  specific, 
  and 
  even 
  indi- 
  

   vidual 
  differences. 
  When 
  the 
  female 
  Ammophila, 
  for 
  in- 
  

   stance 
  is 
  ready 
  to 
  lay 
  eggs, 
  she 
  makes 
  a 
  hole 
  in 
  the 
  ground, 
  

   closes 
  it 
  up, 
  searches 
  for 
  some 
  kind 
  of 
  prey 
  (such 
  as 
  a 
  cater- 
  

   pillar), 
  stings 
  it 
  several 
  times 
  and 
  pinches 
  it, 
  drags 
  it 
  to 
  

   the 
  nest, 
  lays 
  it 
  down, 
  opens 
  the 
  nest, 
  drags 
  in 
  the 
  paralysed 
  

   victim, 
  deposits 
  an 
  egg 
  beside 
  it, 
  and 
  then 
  covers 
  up 
  the 
  hole. 
  

   On 
  the 
  whole 
  it 
  works 
  like 
  clockwork, 
  but 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  

   variations 
  and 
  mistakes 
  at 
  every 
  step! 
  Moreover, 
  in 
  the 
  

   wasp's 
  routine 
  there 
  is 
  probably 
  help 
  from 
  intelligence- 
  

   in 
  choosing 
  a 
  good 
  site, 
  in 
  adapting 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  burrow 
  to 
  

   the 
  soil, 
  in 
  remembering 
  the 
  locality, 
  in 
  biting 
  at 
  the 
  prey 
  

   to 
  suit 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  hole, 
  and 
  so 
  on. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  characteristics 
  of 
  instinctive 
  behaviour 
  have 
  

   been 
  admirably 
  summed 
  up 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Lloyd 
  Morgan. 
  " 
  In- 
  

   stinctive 
  behaviour 
  is 
  that 
  which 
  is, 
  on 
  its 
  first 
  occurrence, 
  

   independent 
  of 
  prior 
  experience; 
  which 
  tends 
  to 
  the 
  well- 
  

   being 
  of 
  the 
  individual 
  and 
  the 
  preservation 
  of 
  the 
  race; 
  

   which 
  is 
  similarly 
  performed 
  by 
  all 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   more 
  or 
  less 
  restricted 
  group 
  of 
  animals 
  and 
  which 
  may 
  

   be 
  subject 
  to 
  subsequent 
  modification 
  under 
  the 
  guidance 
  of 
  

  

  