﻿ANIMAL 
  BEHAVIOUR 
  209 
  

  

  air), 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  intelligence 
  in 
  which 
  some 
  traces 
  of 
  

   instinct 
  are 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  discovered. 
  

  

  Intelligence 
  uses 
  unorganised 
  instruments 
  tools; 
  instinct 
  

   uses 
  inborn 
  organised 
  instruments. 
  The 
  innate 
  knowledge 
  in 
  

   instinct 
  is 
  of 
  tilings, 
  of 
  particular 
  pieces 
  of 
  matter 
  ; 
  the 
  innate 
  

   knowledge 
  in 
  intelligence 
  is 
  of 
  relations, 
  of 
  forms. 
  Instinct 
  

   implies 
  intimate 
  and 
  full 
  awareness 
  of 
  a 
  particular 
  configura- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  things; 
  intelligence 
  makes 
  frames 
  applicable 
  to 
  many 
  

   things. 
  If 
  instinct 
  has 
  signs 
  or 
  words, 
  they 
  are 
  adherent, 
  

   " 
  invariably 
  attached 
  to 
  a 
  certain 
  object 
  or 
  a 
  certain 
  opera- 
  

   tion 
  ". 
  Intelligence 
  has 
  mobile 
  signs, 
  which 
  can 
  pass 
  from 
  

   things 
  to 
  ideas, 
  and 
  this 
  language 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  great 
  liberator. 
  

   In 
  short, 
  instinct 
  and 
  intelligence 
  are 
  quite 
  different 
  expres- 
  

   sions 
  of 
  life. 
  As 
  to 
  the 
  much-debated 
  question 
  whether 
  in- 
  

   stinct 
  is 
  conscious 
  or 
  not, 
  Professor 
  Bergson 
  holds 
  that 
  there 
  

   may 
  be 
  lively 
  consciousness 
  in 
  some 
  cases, 
  and 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   nullified 
  in 
  others. 
  Consciousness 
  is 
  the 
  light 
  that 
  plays 
  

   around 
  the 
  zone 
  of 
  possible 
  actions, 
  in 
  the 
  interval 
  between 
  

   representation 
  and 
  action 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  associated 
  with 
  hesitation 
  

   and 
  choice. 
  Therefore 
  since 
  there 
  is 
  much 
  choice 
  in 
  intelli- 
  

   gent 
  behaviour 
  and 
  little 
  in 
  instinctive 
  behaviour, 
  the 
  latter 
  

   tends 
  to 
  be 
  less 
  conscious 
  than 
  the 
  former. 
  

  

  The 
  position 
  that 
  instinctive 
  behaviour 
  is 
  on 
  a 
  different 
  

   evolutionary 
  tack 
  from 
  intelligent 
  behaviour 
  may 
  be 
  defended 
  

   apart 
  from 
  Professor 
  Bergson's 
  particular 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  differ- 
  

   ence. 
  When 
  we 
  observe 
  a 
  spider 
  executing 
  an 
  extraordinarily 
  

   complex 
  and 
  sharply 
  punctuated 
  series 
  of 
  movements 
  which 
  

   result 
  in 
  a 
  web 
  and 
  doing 
  this 
  effectively 
  the 
  very 
  first 
  time, 
  

   we 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  a 
  world 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  intelligence. 
  

   And 
  again 
  when 
  we 
  observe 
  insects 
  continuing 
  to 
  go 
  through 
  

   a 
  laborious 
  routine 
  which 
  has 
  lost 
  all 
  its 
  point, 
  and 
  from 
  

   bondage 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  least 
  modicum 
  of 
  intelligence 
  would 
  

  

  