﻿ANIMAL 
  BEHAVIOUR 
  211 
  

  

  consciousness 
  of 
  an 
  end. 
  Along 
  with 
  this 
  cognitive 
  factor 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  conative 
  one, 
  a 
  predetermined 
  hen 
  ding 
  of 
  the 
  con- 
  

   stitutional 
  bow 
  in 
  a 
  particular 
  direction. 
  And 
  there 
  may 
  also 
  

   be, 
  in 
  some 
  cases, 
  an 
  evocation 
  of 
  associated 
  emotions. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  Professor 
  McDougall, 
  instinct 
  is 
  a 
  functional 
  

   unit 
  which 
  is 
  transmitted 
  as 
  such 
  from 
  generation 
  to 
  genera- 
  

   tion, 
  but 
  it 
  implies 
  the 
  existence 
  in 
  the 
  creature's 
  innate 
  

   constitution 
  of 
  three 
  things 
  " 
  first, 
  a 
  specialised 
  perceptual 
  

   disposition; 
  secondly, 
  a 
  specific 
  conative 
  tendency 
  that 
  is 
  ex- 
  

   cited 
  when 
  this 
  perceptual 
  disposition 
  is 
  played 
  upon 
  by 
  the 
  

   appropriate 
  sense-impression; 
  and 
  thirdly, 
  some 
  co-ordinated 
  

   system 
  of 
  motor 
  channels 
  through 
  which 
  the 
  conative 
  tend- 
  

   ency 
  works 
  towards 
  its 
  satisfaction 
  ". 
  

  

  Less 
  technically 
  we 
  may 
  say 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  (1) 
  some 
  degree 
  

   of 
  awareness 
  of 
  what 
  is 
  being 
  done, 
  (2) 
  a 
  feeling 
  of 
  activity 
  

   and 
  a 
  bent 
  bow, 
  and 
  (3) 
  the 
  constitutionally 
  ingrained 
  link- 
  

   ages 
  which 
  make 
  a 
  chain 
  of 
  reflex-like 
  acts 
  possible. 
  

  

  10. 
  Evidence 
  of 
  Intelligent 
  Behaviour. 
  

  

  Especially 
  among 
  birds 
  and 
  mammals 
  we 
  find 
  behaviour 
  

   which 
  cannot 
  be 
  adequately 
  described 
  without 
  using 
  psycho- 
  

   logical 
  terms. 
  It 
  implies, 
  objectively, 
  some 
  i 
  trial-and-error 
  ' 
  

   experiments 
  and 
  profiting 
  thereby, 
  some 
  ' 
  learning 
  ' 
  that 
  is 
  

   more 
  than 
  woodenly 
  associative, 
  something 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  

   dog's 
  secretion 
  of 
  salivary 
  juice 
  when 
  the 
  dinner 
  whistle 
  is 
  

   blown. 
  We 
  infer 
  that 
  it 
  implies, 
  subjectively, 
  some 
  per- 
  

   ceptual 
  inference, 
  some 
  working 
  with 
  ideas, 
  some 
  apprecia- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  things. 
  It 
  is 
  reflective 
  and 
  experi- 
  

   mental 
  as 
  contrasted 
  with 
  reflex 
  and 
  instinctive. 
  

  

  The 
  Greek 
  eagle 
  lets 
  the 
  tortoise 
  fall 
  on 
  the 
  rocks 
  so 
  that 
  

   it 
  is 
  broken, 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  rook 
  does 
  with 
  the 
  fresh-water 
  mus- 
  

   sel. 
  The 
  collie 
  anticipates 
  a 
  possible 
  straying 
  of 
  the 
  flock 
  

  

  