﻿THE 
  PROBLEM 
  OF 
  BODY 
  AND 
  MIND 
  229 
  

  

  separate 
  off 
  the 
  two 
  aspects, 
  or 
  processes, 
  or 
  systems, 
  and 
  

   the 
  problem 
  arises 
  how 
  we 
  are 
  to 
  think 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  relation 
  

   to 
  one 
  another. 
  But 
  the 
  fact 
  is 
  that 
  ' 
  body 
  ' 
  and 
  ' 
  mind 
  ' 
  

   are 
  alike 
  abstractions. 
  Prof. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Taylor 
  has 
  said 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  

   severance 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  unity 
  of 
  experience 
  into 
  a 
  physi- 
  

   cal 
  and 
  a 
  psychical 
  aspect 
  is 
  entirely 
  a 
  product 
  of 
  our 
  own 
  

   abstraction-making 
  intellect. 
  ' 
  Body 
  ' 
  and 
  * 
  Soul 
  ' 
  are 
  not 
  

   given 
  actualities 
  of 
  experience, 
  but 
  artificial 
  mental 
  construc- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  our 
  own" 
  (1903, 
  p. 
  314). 
  

  

  Yet 
  here 
  again, 
  while 
  many 
  of 
  us 
  are 
  impressed 
  in 
  our 
  

   experience 
  with 
  the 
  inter-dependence 
  rather 
  than 
  independ- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  these 
  " 
  two 
  aspects 
  ' 
  -bodily 
  and 
  mental 
  we 
  must 
  

   admit 
  that 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  find 
  it 
  an 
  easy 
  task 
  to 
  explain 
  what 
  

   we 
  mean 
  by 
  the 
  phrase 
  " 
  two 
  aspects 
  ' 
  in 
  this 
  particular 
  

   connection. 
  The 
  words 
  do 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  grip. 
  

  

  In 
  stating 
  the 
  problem 
  Prof. 
  Lloyd 
  Morgan 
  takes 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  the 
  processes 
  involved 
  in 
  seeing 
  a 
  candle. 
  The 
  rays 
  

   of 
  light 
  affect 
  the 
  receptors 
  of 
  the 
  retina, 
  a 
  physical 
  related- 
  

   ness 
  (a), 
  but 
  as 
  the 
  stimulus 
  passes 
  by 
  optic 
  neurones 
  to 
  

   the 
  visual 
  centre 
  in 
  the 
  occipital 
  lobe 
  of 
  the 
  cerebrum, 
  there 
  

   is 
  a 
  superadded 
  physiological 
  factor 
  (&), 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  entire 
  

   process 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  db. 
  But 
  if 
  we 
  definitely 
  take 
  note 
  of 
  

   the 
  candle 
  and 
  adjust 
  ourselves 
  deliberately 
  to 
  it 
  there 
  seems 
  

   to 
  be 
  a 
  third 
  kind 
  of 
  relatedness, 
  a 
  psychical 
  process, 
  so 
  that 
  

   the 
  whole 
  process 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  abc. 
  We 
  have 
  thus 
  (1) 
  

   the 
  receptors 
  in 
  physical 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  physical 
  object 
  ; 
  

   (2) 
  the 
  visual 
  centre 
  in 
  physiological 
  and 
  physical 
  relation 
  

   to 
  the 
  receptors 
  and 
  through 
  them 
  to 
  the 
  object; 
  and 
  (3) 
  

   something 
  in 
  psychical 
  relation 
  in 
  some 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  visual 
  

   centre, 
  and 
  through 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  receptors, 
  and 
  ultimately 
  and 
  

   essentially 
  to 
  the 
  candle 
  as 
  representing 
  the 
  external 
  world. 
  

   This 
  something 
  we 
  call 
  the 
  mind. 
  (1915, 
  p. 
  4) 
  ... 
  

  

  