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  THE 
  PROBLEM 
  OF 
  BODY 
  AND 
  MIND 
  

  

  brain 
  serves 
  simply 
  to 
  translate 
  a 
  small 
  part 
  of 
  what 
  goes 
  

   on 
  in 
  mind, 
  then 
  personality 
  is 
  not 
  permanently 
  tethered 
  

   to 
  protoplasm. 
  

  

  The 
  animist 
  need 
  not 
  occupy 
  the 
  extreme 
  position 
  that 
  

   the 
  body 
  is 
  but 
  an 
  instrument 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  mind 
  plays. 
  

   Wiser 
  and 
  truer 
  is 
  the 
  view 
  that 
  through 
  the 
  body 
  the 
  mind 
  

   is 
  educated, 
  disciplined, 
  and 
  enriched. 
  As 
  Aliotta 
  puts 
  it, 
  

   " 
  The 
  body 
  is 
  not 
  something 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  mind 
  can 
  dis- 
  

   pense, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  forbidding 
  prison 
  which 
  the 
  Platonists 
  

   depicted 
  in 
  such 
  gloomy 
  colours, 
  it 
  is 
  no 
  torture-chamber 
  in 
  

   which 
  mind 
  is 
  doomed 
  to 
  expiate 
  some 
  mysterious 
  crime, 
  

   but 
  rather 
  the 
  fertile 
  soil 
  in 
  which 
  alone 
  the 
  plant 
  of 
  spirit- 
  

   uality 
  can 
  develop 
  and 
  blossom." 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  advantages 
  of 
  animism 
  we 
  recognise 
  (1) 
  its 
  

   emphasis 
  on 
  the 
  supremacy 
  and 
  efficiency 
  of 
  what 
  we 
  call 
  

   mind 
  or 
  spirit; 
  (2) 
  that 
  it 
  nevertheless 
  faces 
  the 
  fundamen- 
  

   tal 
  and 
  all-pervading 
  fact 
  of 
  body; 
  (3) 
  that 
  its 
  idea 
  of 
  inter- 
  

   action 
  or 
  reciprocal 
  influence, 
  though 
  perhaps 
  inconceivable, 
  

   is 
  a 
  good 
  working 
  hypothesis, 
  fitting 
  many 
  familiar 
  facts; 
  

   and 
  (4) 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  congruent 
  with 
  that 
  attractive 
  and 
  opti- 
  

   mistic 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  world 
  which 
  assures 
  us 
  of 
  the 
  conserva- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  values. 
  A 
  spirited 
  and 
  scholarly 
  defence 
  of 
  Animism 
  

   has 
  been 
  furnished 
  by 
  Dr. 
  W. 
  MacDougall 
  in 
  his 
  book 
  on 
  

   Body 
  and 
  Mind. 
  

  

  Difficulties 
  in 
  the 
  Way 
  of 
  Animism. 
  All 
  the 
  statements 
  

   that 
  have 
  been 
  proposed 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  and 
  mind 
  puzzle 
  have 
  

   their 
  particular 
  difficulties, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  awanting 
  in 
  

   the 
  case 
  of 
  animism. 
  

  

  (&) 
  The 
  whole 
  trend 
  of 
  science 
  is 
  to 
  emphasise 
  the 
  influ- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  the 
  bodily 
  life 
  on 
  the 
  thought-life, 
  and 
  although 
  we 
  

   are 
  told 
  that 
  this 
  only 
  means 
  that 
  the 
  soul 
  cannot 
  realise 
  

   itself 
  except 
  in 
  co-operating 
  with 
  its 
  partner 
  the 
  body, 
  we 
  

  

  