﻿THE 
  PROBLEM 
  OF 
  BODY 
  AND 
  MIND 
  251 
  

  

  themselves. 
  What 
  the 
  ' 
  identity 
  hypothesis 
  ' 
  or 
  correlation 
  

   theory 
  postulates 
  is 
  not 
  an 
  unknown 
  X, 
  but 
  an 
  imperfectly 
  

   known 
  organism, 
  whose 
  pre-awareness 
  of 
  meaning 
  is 
  as 
  real 
  

   as 
  its 
  flesh-and-blood 
  metabolism, 
  yet 
  inseparable 
  from 
  it. 
  

  

  (4) 
  Another 
  objection 
  to 
  the 
  ' 
  double-aspect 
  ' 
  interpreta- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  that 
  we 
  know 
  ourselves 
  as 
  self-determining 
  for 
  no 
  

   one 
  can 
  get 
  away 
  from 
  an 
  immediate 
  awareness 
  of 
  his 
  per- 
  

   sonal 
  agency 
  whereas 
  the 
  organism 
  is 
  determined 
  from 
  

   without, 
  being 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  mechanical 
  system 
  of 
  things. 
  Can 
  

   the 
  same 
  reality 
  be 
  determined 
  from 
  without 
  and 
  self-de- 
  

   termining? 
  But 
  the 
  objection 
  must 
  be 
  disallowed, 
  first 
  be- 
  

   cause 
  the 
  organism 
  has 
  spontaneity, 
  from 
  the 
  Amoeba 
  up- 
  

   wards, 
  and 
  is 
  certainly 
  not 
  wholly 
  determined 
  from 
  without 
  ; 
  

   and, 
  second, 
  because 
  when 
  we 
  examine 
  ourselves 
  carefully 
  

   we 
  find 
  that 
  our 
  mental 
  life 
  is 
  not 
  wholly 
  self-determined. 
  

   It 
  is 
  an 
  unnecessary 
  difficulty 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  one 
  aspect 
  is 
  

   teleological 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  mechanical 
  ; 
  for 
  we 
  have 
  given 
  

   good 
  reasons 
  for 
  believing 
  that 
  the 
  organism 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  

   mechanical. 
  i 
  Body 
  ' 
  and 
  ' 
  mind 
  ' 
  are 
  both 
  of 
  the 
  teleological 
  

   or 
  purposive 
  type, 
  for 
  that 
  is 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  creature 
  from 
  

   first 
  to 
  last. 
  

  

  5. 
  Monistic 
  Speculation 
  along 
  the 
  Line 
  of 
  the 
  Double- 
  

   Aspect 
  or 
  Correlation 
  Theory. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  Double-Aspect 
  or 
  Identity 
  Hypothesis 
  all 
  animals 
  

   are 
  psycho-physical 
  beings, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  borne 
  out 
  by 
  what 
  is 
  

   known 
  of 
  the 
  behaviour 
  of 
  the 
  very 
  simplest, 
  for 
  we 
  see 
  

   Amoebae 
  going 
  ahunting 
  and 
  Foraminifera 
  working 
  like 
  

   selective 
  artificers. 
  But 
  what 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  world 
  ? 
  Logically, 
  

   we 
  can 
  make 
  no 
  halt, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  curious 
  phenomena 
  which 
  

   approach 
  behaviour 
  in 
  carnivorous 
  plants 
  and 
  climbing 
  

   plants. 
  In 
  some 
  cases, 
  there 
  is 
  what 
  looks 
  like 
  memory. 
  

  

  