﻿THE 
  ISSUES 
  OF 
  LIFE 
  305 
  

  

  that 
  the 
  survival 
  of 
  the 
  fittest 
  means 
  only 
  the 
  survival 
  of 
  

   those 
  relatively 
  best 
  adapted 
  to 
  particular 
  conditions, 
  which 
  

   may 
  be 
  parasitism 
  or 
  (in 
  some 
  ants) 
  slave-keeping; 
  (3) 
  a 
  

   forgetfulness 
  of 
  the 
  apartness 
  of 
  human 
  society 
  from 
  the 
  ani- 
  

   mal 
  world 
  with 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  nevertheless 
  solidary 
  an 
  apart- 
  

   ness 
  which 
  forbids 
  any 
  uncriticised 
  transference 
  of 
  a 
  purely 
  

   biological 
  induction 
  to 
  social 
  affairs; 
  and 
  (4) 
  an 
  ignoring 
  of 
  

   the 
  historical 
  fact, 
  which 
  we 
  dare 
  mention 
  even 
  after 
  years 
  

   of 
  carnage, 
  that 
  the 
  trend 
  of 
  civilisation 
  has 
  been 
  away 
  from 
  

   the 
  harsher 
  forms 
  of 
  Nature's 
  regime. 
  

  

  5. 
  The 
  Welfare 
  of 
  the 
  Species. 
  

  

  When 
  we 
  pass 
  from 
  the 
  struggle 
  for 
  existence 
  in 
  its 
  many 
  

   forms 
  to 
  consider 
  old-established 
  activities 
  which 
  secure 
  the 
  

   welfare 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  we 
  arrive 
  at 
  a 
  result 
  which 
  colours 
  

   our 
  whole 
  view 
  of 
  Animate 
  Nature, 
  and 
  is 
  of 
  great 
  interest 
  to 
  

   philosophy, 
  to 
  that 
  philosophy 
  at 
  least 
  which 
  has 
  one 
  hand 
  

   on 
  Human 
  History 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  on 
  Natural 
  History, 
  and 
  

   is 
  as 
  a 
  daysman 
  between 
  them. 
  Postponing 
  the 
  difficult 
  

   question 
  as 
  to 
  where 
  we 
  should 
  draw 
  the 
  line 
  which 
  de- 
  

   limits 
  set 
  purpose, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  time 
  

   and 
  energy 
  of 
  living 
  creatures 
  is 
  given 
  over 
  to 
  activities 
  

   which 
  do 
  not 
  make 
  for 
  self-increase 
  or 
  self-stability 
  or 
  self- 
  

   preservation, 
  but 
  make 
  for 
  the 
  welfare 
  of 
  the 
  family, 
  the 
  

   kin, 
  and 
  the 
  species. 
  

  

  To 
  a 
  degree 
  which 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  adequately 
  realised 
  by 
  

   naturalists, 
  organisms 
  are 
  adapted 
  to, 
  and 
  give 
  themselves 
  

   up 
  to 
  securing 
  the 
  welfare 
  of 
  their 
  race. 
  In 
  their 
  multipli- 
  

   cation, 
  in 
  their 
  reproductive 
  processes, 
  in 
  their 
  parental 
  care, 
  

   individuals 
  spend 
  themselves 
  in 
  activities 
  which 
  are 
  often 
  

   not 
  to 
  their 
  own 
  advantage. 
  Their 
  personal 
  interests 
  have 
  

   been 
  subordinated 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  species. 
  They 
  are 
  borne 
  

  

  