



108 MKIilsTir VARIATION. [I-ART I. 



13. i -es of the development of ribs on the 6th cervical seem 

 i.. be Ktremely rare. One is given by STRUTHERS in a young 

 f. The- ribs were present as rudiments only, being 

 the same on both sides in the Gth vertebra, and on the left side 

 in the 7th. Each of these rib-elements was ^ inch long. In the 

 lith the libs rested on the body of the vertebra, but in the 7th the 

 nt. .lid not reach so far. Full details, q. v., STRUTHERS, /. A nut. 

 Phyt ^7:i. p. 32. 



1 i \i--al ribs on the 7th vertebra are comparatively common, 



14 -"in. 'times moveable and sometimes fixed. The literature of 



this subject up to 1808 is fully analyzed by WEXZEL GRUBER, 



.! Set. Pet., Ser. vn. T. xin., l.SW, No" 2, who refers to 76 



of -H. -h ribs, occurring in 45 bodies, being all that were known 



t. him in literature or seen by himself. In addition to these 12 



ire de-cril>ed (10 in detail) by STRUTHERS (/. c.). Some of 



tin- results of an analysis of these cases are important to the study 



of Variation. 



Of 57 tin- ribs were present on both sides in 42 cases 



and "ii --M.- side "ill} iii 1 .">. 



\ rding t" the decree of completeness with which the cervi- 

 cal nl- an- developed, ('inr.i.it divided them into four classes l . 



I. Lowest development Cervical rib not reaching beyond the 

 tran-\er-e pi< ..... -re-ponding to the vertebral end of a true 

 rili with r"/'ttii/ii//t and tubercidum, Bud articulating by both of 

 them. //<//' f'n-in. 



'1. High* development. ( 'ervieal rib reaching beyond the 

 tra sa f..r a greater i.r le extent, either ending freely 



or joining with the first true rib. Commonest form. 



-.//A/';//' 'ropment. Cervical rib reaching still further, 



ami joining the cartilage of the first true rib either l>y its cartila- 

 QOUfl ml "i- by a ligament continued from this, linrcxt fnrm. 



k Complete development. Cei-vical ril re>cnil)ling a true rib, 

 ha\in^ a carl generally for a greater or less part of its length 



united with the cartilage of the first true rib) connecting it with 

 the .-termini. /., M rare form. 



Qruber states, as the result of an analysis of 47 eases, that the 

 third of ti - i- \rry rare, that the s.-c.md condition is the 



'nimon on,', and that the fourth or complete condition is commoner 

 than the tir-t or lea-t >tate of dc\ .lojniient , which is also rare. 

 of Stnitli- i^ caa - the majority seem to lielong bo Gmber's second 

 da--, \\hile that on the |.-|'t side in Struthei- Case 4 must have 

 appioarhe,) ('la Land that on the left side in Case 10 belonged 



to ( 'h- 3. 



Two ti-atuivs in this evidence are ot 'e-jiecial consequence: first 



' ' : I thai rioal ribs in M:m HIT ].ii.li;ii.ly ..I' t\vo kinds, the 



I'Mi.-nt ..f :in " I'pipliy-U " on ili,. -ii)),.|-i,tr transverse process, 

 ll>iM..ii: " nh-iu.liiiinit " ..nit:iiii,.,l iu the inferior 



: ill'' iiitt-T kin,l tli;it he l- ben -p- ukiu-. 



