180 MERISTIC VARIATION. [PART I. 



to a- di-t miruisliiir.: particular local breeds. They are generally paired 

 ictures. Tli" t'ollouiiig case is exceptional in the fact that the 

 auricle ua- pre-.-nt mi the left only, and that it was associated with an 

 op, -nil,.,' po--ibly of a cervical fistula. A pig having a single appendage 

 about 7 cm. lung attached under tin- lower jaw on the left, is described 

 liy Ki DEfi DESLONGCHAMPS '. It contained a stalk of cartilage stated 

 IM ha\e i .-.-ml. led the cartilage of the ear. To this on either side was 

 attached a small muscle. Unfortunately the appendage had been cut 



I!' dose t. the .skin. A small opening (pertain) was present on the 

 skin near the appendage, and from this opening a small brush or tuft of 

 bristle- prut i -tided. 



Fistul:e in the neck of swine are well known as giving rise to 

 a disease called u-eissK Jiorate ill Germany (Fr. la Sole or poil piqu) 

 from the fact that certain white bristles are found at the opening of the 



liict. In the popular fancy it is supposed that the bristles themselves 

 bore the perforation, but according to ZUXDEL* they are congenital and 

 iif-'n bilateral. Ib-usinger agrees with Ziindel in regarding such open- 

 ings MV branchial li-tula-. 



147. Sheep :in,l Goats. < Vrviml fistula? unknown, but appendages on the neck 

 imon. The -h> i p nl' tlir \\ 'd-ter marshes are described 3 as having the neck bare 

 i \\nol, and an a)i|i. HI MIU as of a fur-collar. Above the collar and below the 

 jiliarynx tln-y li:i\i- a pair of appendages about the size of an acorn. Such ap- 

 p,-n'la;_'>-< ar> -aid tu lie u<>t uncommon in Merinos' 1 . Among the Kalmuck and 

 Kirghiz sheep ami ;_'<>ats -ueli auricles are said by Pallas 5 to be common. In many 

 ign 1.1. . - i.r ;_... u- these auricles seem to be a constant character. In position 

 tln-y may \aiy fr-mi tin angle of the jaw to the middle of the neck. The length is 

 ii-ually aln mt :', in. hut they are recorded as reaching 15 cm. Figures of goats 

 b:i\ing such auricles are vi\oi by Scxxox 8 . The anatomy of one of tbese bodies is 

 nli.il 1>\ < MM i;u \ : , and it is mentioned that a plate of cartilage was found in the 

 intt n.'i-. A -imilar rai ula-i \\a- 1'mind by STEWAUT* together with striped muscular 

 tiln'i'. (iniiliaiix ^'i\- a ca-t- of two she-goats on a farm, one having cervical 

 a|'i adagi a, the ntb.T having muie. I-'.ach gave birth to a pair of kids at the same 

 time. Kadi pair \\;>- a mall- and female, and in the one the male only had the 

 appi inla^e- and in the nther the female ,,nly. The character- of th.- father of these 

 kid- were not kno\\ n. 



Ox. Neithei e, rvieal li-tul:e n>,r aniii -li - known. 



]4S. Horse. <i-r\i.-al auricles unkno\\n. Fistula (in the position considered by 

 Beuringe] i" indicate the first branchial cleft) are common and are recognized by 

 their action in -"iling the hair near tin 1 i \teinal opening. 



Ki .- Ai-ii ri.ATioN. 'I'hc evidence as a whole o-ocs to slic\v that 

 st riict ares, soinet im.-s of lar^v si/r. ha\ in-- several essential f'eatuivs 

 "f the exti-inal ear, tbat m.iy in lad b.- fairly spoken of as n-])eti- 

 lioiis of the ear. may by Hoinu-otie Variation appeal' on the- neck of 

 Man and oilier animals: further, thai these repetitions have been 

 \H ' ..... :cur at the openin-s ,,f ci-rvical lisiuhe, surest ing a 

 parison \\nli i be relalion of the external ear i- the li\ o-inandi- 

 bi ilar el ei i. bin that such * relation to cervical fistula- is exceptional. 



. I. inn. de Snn.. \*\'2, vn. ]i. 41, I'l. iv. tiu'. 3. 

 I '.n/. .IK/I. i'. Tliii'nii.. i. is;:,, p. 17,-,. 

 ' Vir.ol:.,. .^.niill. 1,7. -.(ih, null., I. p. 1 I s [ | lni>inger]. 



1 BCHMALZ, rhitroeri .////./>/.//./<. p. -J-JK [Hctisinger]. 

 ' Spicileg. Zoo/., xi. p. 17'J (two li.-uivsi. 



Sl i i" s -. '. I'-.. i.rlntiii ninl /'/scr/.v,'. pp. S4 and 85. 



' > BAUX, Pec, il<' M-',i. Vitir., Sei. :>, i\. p. 335. 



1 iin-il by Sf i CON, /. r , p. s7. 



