CHAP. XL] WINGS OF INSECTS. 283 



insertion of this wing into the body was immediately above that 

 of the normal hind-wing. The extra wing bore 4 nervures, of 

 which 3 reached to the margin but one was shorter. The proper 

 hind-wing of the same side was rather narrower than that of 

 the other side and was not so thickly covered with scales, but 

 its neuration was complete and normal. SPEYER, A., Stettiner 

 Ent. Ztg., 1888, XLIX. p. 206. 



424. Samia cecropia ^, having a fifth aborted wing. Bred in capti- 

 vity : ordinary size, expanding about 5| inches : a smoky variety in 

 which red portion of transverse bands on wings is much narrowed. 

 Right primary and both secondaries normal in shape and marking. 

 Left primary in length from base to apex exactly the same as the right, 

 but in width from inner angle across to the costa is % of an inch less; 

 the markings are the same, but condensed into the narrower space. 

 Neuration normal in all wings. Left primary also somewhat narrower 

 at base, where it joins the body. The inner margin is in exact line 

 with its fellow; hence the costal line of the left primary is somewhat 

 posterior to that of the right primary. The supernumerary wing 

 emerges from the side of the collar and runs parallel to the normal left 

 primary. It consists mainly of the costal and subcostal nervures, a 

 small part of the median nervure and a strip of wing about i inch wide 

 which was much curled in drying. The supernumerary wing is in no 

 way connected with the normal one. 



[The author regards this supernumerary wing as a repetition of the 

 anterior part of the left primary wing.] STRECKER, H., Proc. Ac. Sci. 

 Philad., 1885, p. 26. 



425. Limenitis populi, having four normal wings and a fifth wing 

 behind the left posterior one. This supernumerary wing was 20 mm. 

 long and 9 mm. wide. It slightly overlapped the left secondary and 

 was attached to it for a length of 12 mm., but its outer end was free. 

 It is described as exactly resembling the part of the secondary which 

 bears the three anterior nervures, and it is stated that both surfaces 

 were normal as regards scales and colouration. ROBER, J., Correspond- 

 enzbl. d. ent. Ver. "Isis" z. Dresden, 1884, i. p. 31. 



426. Vanessa urticae, having an additional hind-wing on the right 

 side. This structure is inserted into the thorax dorsal to and between 

 the two normal wings. It is shorter and of about i the width of the 

 normal hind-wing. In colouring it is a close copy of the anterior third 

 of the hind-wing. WESTWOOD, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1879, pp. 220 and 

 221, Plate. [Now in Brit. Mus.] 



427. Gonepteryx rhamni with additional imperfectly developed hind- 

 wing on the right side. In this case the normal right hind-wing is 

 only about two-thirds of its normal size. It overlies the additional 

 hind-wing. The latter is coloured like the normal wing and bears an 

 orange spot. From the neuration of the two wings Westwood con- 

 sidered that the supplemental wing contained missing parts of the 

 normal wing. 



Only two legs existed on the side of the abnormal wing, but for fear 

 of injury the specimen was not sufficiently examined to shew whether 



